Part II
Part III ?Chemical Safety Tools
Tool 1a Symbols used for classification and for labelling hazar-
dous substances in the EU and under GHS
Tool 2 EU Risk and Safety Phrases for hazardous substances
and GHS hazard statement codes
Tool 3 Using Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
Tool 4a Identifying inhalation hazard groups of chemicals
TTool 5a Identifiying skin hazard groups of chemicals
Tool Written and oral work instructions
Commissioned by:
Part III
Tool 1a
Symbols used for classification and for labelling hazardous substances in
the EU until 2010 and under GHS
There are different symbols used for labelling hazardous chemicals. You and your workers should know
the meaning of these symbols.
Classification letter symbol and Symbols used for labelling in the EU
Letter symbol Label Meaning
This symbol with the word `explosive' denotes a substance which
Explosive (E) E
may explode under the effect of a flame or if subjected to shocks
or friction.
The symbol with the word `oxidising' refers to a substance which
Oxidising (O) O
releases a lot of heat while it reacts with other substances, particu-
lary flammable substances.
This symbol with the words `highly flammable' denotes a substance
Highly F
flammable (F) which may become hot and finally catch fire in contact with air at
ambient temperature or is a solid and may readily catch fire after
brief contact with the source of ignition and which continues to burn/
to be consumed by chemical reaction after removal of the source of
ignition. If it is gas it may burn in air at normal pressure. If it is liquid
it would catch fire with slight warming and exposure to a flame. In
contact with water or damp air the substance may release highly
flammable gases in dangerous quantities.
Extremely F+ The same flammable symbol as above with words `extremely flam-
flammable (F+) mable' denotes e.g. a liquid which would boil at body temperature
and would catch fire if vapours are exposed to a flame.
This symbol with skull and crossed bones with the word `toxic' deno-
Toxic (T) T
tes a highly hazardous substance.
Part III
This symbol as above with the word `very toxic' is used to label a
Very toxic (T+) T+
substance, which, if inhaled or ingested or if it penetrates the skin,
may involve extremely serious immediate or long term health risks
and even death.
The symbol with the word `corrosive' will be found on a label of a
Corrosive (C) C
substance which may destroy living tissues on contact with them.
Severe burns may result from splashes of such substance.
The symbol with the word `harmful' denotes to substances which
Harmful (Xn) Xn
(less than T) may cause health hazards less than toxic. It could refer to other
types of risks e.g. to allergic reactions.
The same symbol as above but with the words `irritant'.
Irritant (Xi) Xi
(less than C)
Dangerous for the N Can cause damage to fauna or flora or can cause pollution in natu-
environment (N) ral water.
Source: International Labour Organisation, International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre (CIS/ILO), Information
compiled from (last update September 1999):
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/safetytm/classify.htm
Part III 9
Globally Harmonised System of Classification to implement the GHS as soon as possible with
and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) starting from a view to having the system fully operational by
2008 in the EU 200.
Chemicals, through the different steps from their Implementation of effective chemical hazard com-
production to their handling, transport and use, munication based on GHS provides benefits for
can be a real danger for human health and the governments, companies, workers and consumers.
environment. People of any age, including children The GHS has maximum value if accepted in all
and elderly, coming from various social and cultural major regulatory systems for chemical hazard com-
backgrounds, are confronted daily to dangerous munication worldwide.
products (chemicals, pesticides, etc.)
!
To face this danger, and given the extensive global
trade in chemicals and the need to develop national
programs to ensure their safe use, transport and
Chemicals are manufactured and traded
disposal, it was recognized that an internationally-
globally and their hazards are the same
harmonized approach to classification and label-
around the world. Therefore the descrip-
ling would provide a foundation. All countries
tion of hazards should not differ between
should have consistent and appropriate
countries if the product is the same.
information on the chemicals they import
or produce. Once this is obtained, the infrastruc-
ture to control chemical exposures and protect
people and the environment can be established in
a comprehensive manner.
The new system, called UN `Globally Harmonized
System of Classification and Labelling of
Visit the GHS site in the internet at: http://www.
Chemicals (GHS)', addresses classification of che-
unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/pictograms.html
micals by types of hazard and proposes harmo-
nized hazard communication elements,
EU legislation site on GHS:
including labels and safety data sheets.
It aims at ensuring that information on physical http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/reach/ghs_en.htm
hazards and toxicity from chemicals are available
Some examples for GHS symbols for physical
in order to enhance the protection of human health
hazards, health and environment hazards are
and the environment during handling, transport and
given in the next page.
use. The GHS also provides a basis for harmo-
nization of rules and regulations on chemicals at
national, regional and worldwide level. This is an
important factor for trade facilitation.
The Plan of Implementation of the World Summit
on Sustainable Development (WSSD), adopted
in Johannesburg in 2002, encourages countries
Part II 10
Pictograms for labelling hazardous substances accor-
ding to GHS that will be used in the EU from 2009
onwards and the corresponding hazard classes
GHS 01 GHS 03
GHS 02
Oxidizers
Explosives, Self Flammables, Self Reactives,
Reactives,Organic Pyrophorics, Self Heating,
Peroxides Organic Peroxides
GHS 06
GHS 05
GHS 04
Acute Toxicity (severe)
Corrosives
Gases under
pressure
GHS 07 GHS 08 GHS 09
Irritant, Dermal sensitiser, Environmental Toxicity
Carcinogenic, Respiratory
Acute toxicity (harmful), Sensitizer, Reproductive
Respiratory tract irritation toxicity, Mutagenicity,
Target organ toxicity,
Aspiration toxicity
Part III 11
Tool 2 - EU Risk and Safety Phrases In the tables on the next pages you will find R-
Phrases and the corresponding hazard groups for
for hazardous substances
inhalation and skin absorption.
R-Phrases and S-Phrases
Sources of further information
Hazard, risk and the probability of a chemical cau-
Tool 3 describes the uses of a Material Safety Data
sing harm are reflected in an internationally accep-
Sheet (MSDS) and includes the entire MSDS for
ted system of risk phrases (R-Phrases) and safety
2-Naphtol 9% as an example.
phrases (S-Phrases).
With the introduction of the GHS system, the r-phra-
Many R-Phrases refer to health effects on humans
se will be replace by hazard statements, abbrevia-
(e.g. R34 means that the chemical `causes burns').
ted in form of H-codes. Similarly the S-phrases will
Other R-Phrases describe environmental effects
be replace by precautionary statements. The list
(e.g. R50 means that a substance is very toxic to
of R-phrase on the following pages does already
aquatic organisms).
indicates the corresponding H-codes
Certain R-Phrases also indicate that chemicals can
be explosive or flammable, or react violently with
water or oxidising substances. It is important to
know this and take special care during handling or
storage of these chemicals.
S-Phrases provide first advice for the safe hand-
ling of hazardous chemical substances and formu-
lations (e.g. S34 means `avoid shock and friction`')
R-Phrases and S-Phrases can appear alone or in
combination. This is indicated by a `/' between the
numbers; e.g. R3/3 means that the chemical is
both `irritating to eyes' and `irritating to respiratory
system'.
!
R-Phrases indicate hazards!
S-Phrases provide first advice
for the safe handling!
Where are R-Phrases and S-Phrases found?
These phrases are normally found on the product
label (with or without the corresponding number
code) (see Figure 10a) and on the Material Safety
Data Sheet (MSDS) (see Figure 10b).
Part III 12
Figure 10a: Locating the R-Phrase on a Product Label
R-Phrases (no number)
Figure 10b: Locating the R-Phrase on a MSDS (2-Naphtol 98%)
MSDS for 2-Naphthol, 9%
**** MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ****
**** SECTION 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION ****
MSDS Name: 2-Naphthol, 9%
Catalog Numbers: 159-0000, 159-0010, 159-0025
Synonyms: 2-Hydroxynaphthalene; beta-naphthol
Company Identification (Europe): Acros Organics BVBA
Janssen Pharmaceuticalaan 3a
2440 Geel, Belgium
**** SECTION 2 - COMPOSITION, INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS ****
+----------------+--------------------------------------+----------+----------
| CAS# | Chemical Name |% | EINECS#
|----------------|--------------------------------------|----------|----------
| 135-19-3 |2-Naphthol | 9% | 205-12-
+----------------+--------------------------------------+----------+----------
Hazard Symbols: XN N
R-Phrases
Risk Phrases: 20/22 50
with correponding numbers
EU Risk Phrases for hazardous substances
Changes of the 2th Adaptation to the Technical Progress (ATP 2) on August 2001 are indicated.
EU Risk Phrases R1 to R 19 indicating risk of fire or explosion in use in the EU until 2007 GHS hazard state-
ment codes for use
in EU from 2008*
Physical hazards
R1 Explosive when dry. EUH 001
R2 Risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition. no translation possible
R3 Extreme risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition. no translation possible
R4 Forms very sensitive explosive metallic compounds.
R5 Heating may cause an explosion.
R Explosive with or without contact with air. EUH 00
R May cause fire. H 242
R Contact with combustible material may cause fire. H 20
R9 Explosive when mixed with combustible material. H 21
R 10 Flammable. H 22
R 11 Highly flammable. H 225
R 12 Extremely flammable. H 242
R 14 Reacts violently with water. EUH 014
R 14/15 Reacts violently with water, liberating extremely flammable gases.
R 15 Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases. no translation possible
R 15/29 Contact with water liberates toxic, extremely flammable gas.
R 1 Explosive when mixed with oxidising substances.
R 1 Spontaneously flammable in air. H 250
R 1 In use, may form flammable/explosive vapour-air mixture. EUH 01
Part III
R 19 May form explosive peroxides. EUH 019
13
EU Risk Phrases R 20 to R 68 indicating risk for human Human Human GHS hazard
health and the environment in use in the EU until 2007 Inhalation statement codes
Skin Hazard
Hazard for use in EU
Groups (BAuA)
Groups (ILO) from 2008*
R 20 Harmful by inhalation. B H 332
R 20/21 Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin. B SKIN B
R 20/21/22 Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. B SKIN B
R 20/22 Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. B
R 21 Harmful in contact with skin. B SKIN B H 312
R 21/22 Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed. B SKIN B
R 22 Harmful if swallowed. B H 302
R 23 Toxic by inhalation. C H 331
R 23/24 Toxic by inhalation and in contact with skin. C SKIN D
R 23/24/25 Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. C SKIN D
R 23/25 Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. C
R 24 Toxic in contact with skin. C SKIN D H 311
SKIN E (R24 +R34)
SKIN E (R24 + R35)
R 24/25 Toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed. C SKIN D
R 25 Toxic if swallowed. C H 301
R 2 Very toxic by inhalation. D H 330
R 2/2 Very toxic by inhalation and in contact with skin. D SKIN E
R 2/2/2 Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. D SKIN E
R 2/2 Very toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. D
Part III
14
EU Risk Phrases R 20 to R 68 indicating risk for human Human Human GHS hazard
health and the environment in use in the EU until 2007 Inhalation statement codes
Skin Hazard
Hazard for use in EU
Groups (BAuA)
Groups (ILO) from 2008*
R 2 Very toxic in contact with skin. D SKIN E H 310
R 2/2 Very toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed. D SKIN E
R 2 Very toxic if swallowed. D H 300
R 29 Contact with water liberates toxic gas. EUH 029
R 30 Can become highly flammable in use. EUH 030
R 31 Contact with acids liberates toxic gas. EUH 031
R 32 Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas. EUH 032
R 33 Danger of cumulative effects. B
R 34 Causes burns. C SKIN E H 314
SKIN E (R24 +R34)
R 35 Causes severe burns. C SKIN E H 314
SKIN E (R24 +R35)
R 3 Irritating to eyes. A H 319
R 3/3 Irritating to eyes and respiratory system. C
R 3/3/3 Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. C SKIN B
R 3/3 Irritating to eyes and skin. A SKIN B
R 3 Irritating to respiratory system. C H 335
R 3/3 Irritating to respiratory system and skin. C SKIN B
R 3 Irritating to skin. SKIN B H 315
R 39 Danger of very serious irreversible effects. EUH 00
Part III
15
EU Risk Phrases R 20 to R 68 indicating risk for human Human Human GHS hazard
health and the environment in use in the EU until 2007t Inhalation statement codes
Skin Hazard
Hazard for use in EU
Groups (BAuA)
Groups (ILO) from 2008*
R 39/23 Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation. C H 30
R 39/23/24 Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and in C SKIN D
contact with skin.
R 39/23/24/25 Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in con- C SKIN D
tact with skin and if swallowed.
R 39/23/25 Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and if C
swallowed.
R 39/24 Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin. C SKIN D H 30
R 39/24/25 Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin and if C SKIN D
swallowed.
R 39/25 Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects if swallowed. C H 30
R 39/2 Very toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation. D H 30
R 39/2/2 Very toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and D SKIN E
in contact with skin.
R 39/2/2/2 Very toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in D SKIN E
contact with skin and if swallowed.
R 39/2/2 Very toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and D
if swallowed.
R 39/2 Very toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin. D SKIN E H 30
R 39/2/2 Very toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin D SKIN E
and if swallowed.
R 39/2 Very toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects if swallowed. D H 30
R 40 Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect. D SKIN D H 351/EUH 00
R 41 Risk of serious damage to eyes. C H 31/EUH 00
R 42 May cause sensitization by inhalation. E H 334
Part III
1
EU Risk Phrases R 20 to R 68 indicating risk for human Human Human GHS hazard
health and the environment in use in the EU until 2007 Inhalation statement codes
Skin Hazard
Hazard for use in EU
Groups (BAuA)
Groups (ILO) from 2008*
R 42/43 May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact. E SKIN C
R 43 May cause sensitization by skin contact. C SKIN C H 31
R 44 Risk of explosion if heated under confinement. EUH 044
R 45 May cause cancer. E SKIN E H 350
R 4 May cause heritable genetic damage. E SKIN E H 340
R 4 Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure. A
R 4/20 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure C H 33
through inhalation.
R 4/20/21 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure C SKIN B
through inhalation and in contact with skin.
R 4/20/21/22 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure C SKIN B
through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.
R 4/20/22 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure C
through inhalation and if swallowed.
R 4/21 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in C SKIN B H 33
contact with skin.
R 4/21/22 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in C SKIN B
contact with skin and if swallowed.
R 4/22 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if C H 33
swallowed.
R 4/23 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through D H 32
inhalation.
R 4/23/24 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through D SKIN D
inhalation and in contact with skin.
R 4/23/24/25 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through D SKIN D
Part III
inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.
1
EU Risk Phrases R 20 to R 68 indicating risk for human Human Human GHS hazard
health and the environment in use in the EU until 2007 Inhalation statement codes
Skin Hazard
Hazard for use in EU
Groups (BAuA)
Groups (ILO) from 2008*
R 4/23/25 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through D
inhalation and if swallowed.
R 4/24 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact D SKIN D H 32
with skin.
R 4/24/25 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact D SKIN D
with skin and if swallowed.
R 4/25 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swal- D H 32
lowed.
R 49 May cause cancer by inhalation. E H 350
R 50 Very toxic to aquatic organisms. H 400
R 50/53 Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the H 400/H 410
aquatic environment.
R 51 Toxic to aquatic organisms.
R 51/53 Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the H 412
aquatic environment.
R 52 Harmful to aquatic organisms.
R 52/53 Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the H 412
aquatic environment.
R 53 May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. H 413
R 54 Toxic to flora.
R 55 Toxic to fauna.
R 5 Toxic to soil organisms.
R 5 Toxic to bees.
R 5 May cause long-term adverse effects in the environment.
Part III
R 59 Dangerous for the ozone layer. EUH 059
1
EU Risk Phrases R 20 to R 68 indicating risk for human Human Human GHS hazard
health and the environment in use in the EU until 2007 Inhalation statement codes
Skin Hazard
Hazard for use in EU
Groups (BAuA)
Groups (ILO) from 2008*
R 0 May impair fertility. D SKIN E* H 30
R 1 May cause harm to the unborn child. D SKIN E* H 30
R 2 Possible risk of impaired fertility. D SKIN D H 30
R 3 Possible risk of harm to the unborn child. D SKIN D* H 30
R 4 May cause harm to breast-fed babies. D H 32
R 5 Harmful: may cause lung damage if swallowed. A H 304
R Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking. A SKIN A EUH 0
R Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness. B H 33
R Possible risks of irreversible effects. E SKIN D* H 341
R /20 Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation. B H 31
R /20/21 Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation and in con- B
tact with skin.
R /20/21/22 Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact B SKIN B
with skin and if swallowed.
R /20/22 Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation and if swal- B
lowed.
R /21 Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects in contact with skin. B SKIN B H 31
R /21/22 Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects in contact with skin and if swal- B SKIN B
lowed.
R /22 Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects if swallowed. B H 31
Source: ILO * These R Phrases have * See key next page
Updated by AS. Approved by EC. Last modification: 21 March 2002
to be only classified in the
group if the substance is
Source: International Labour Organization, International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre (CIS/
absorbed by the skin.
ILO), information compiled from (last update September 1999): http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safe-
work/cis/products/safetytm/classify.htm
Part III
19
Part III 20
Key to GHS hazard statement codes in the EU from 2011
H 200 Unstable explosive
H 201 Explosive; mass explosion hazard
H 202 Explosive; severe projection hazard
H 203 explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard
H 204 Fire or projection hazard.
H 205 May mass explode in fire.
H 220 Extremely flammable gas.
H 221 Flammable gas.
H 222 Extremely flammable aerosol.
H 223 Flammable aerosol.
H 224 Extremely flammable liquid and vapour.
H 225 Highly flammable liquid and vapour.
H 22 Flammable liquid and vapour.
H 22 Flammable solid.
H 240 Heating may cause an explosion.
H 241 Heating may cause a fire or explosion
H 242 Heating may cause a fire.
H 250 Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air.
H 251 Self-heating: may catch fire.
H 252 Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire.
H 20 In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously.
H 21 In contact with water releases flammable gas.
H 20 May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer.
H 21 May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer.
H 22 May intensify fire; oxidizer.
H 20 Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated
H 21 Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury.
H 290 May be corrosive to metals.
H 300 Fatal if swallowed.
H 301 Toxic if swallowed.
H 302 Harmful if swallowed.
H 304 May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways.
H 310 Fatal in contact with skin.
H 311 Toxic in contact with skin.
H 312 Harmful in contact with skin.
H 314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.
H 315 Causes skin irritation.
H 31 May cause an allergic skin reaction.
H 31 Causes serious eye damage
H 319 Causes serious eye irritation.
H 330 Fatal if inhaled.
H 331 Toxic if inhaled.
Part III 21
H 332 Harmful if inhaled.
H 334 May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled.
H 335 May cause respiratory irritation.
H 33 May cause drowsiness or dizziness.
H 340 May cause genetic defects
routes of exposure cause the hazard>.
H 341 Suspected of causing genetic defects
no other routes of exposure cause the hazard>.
H 350 May cause cancer
of exposure cause the hazard>.
H 351 Suspected of causing cancer
other routs of exposure cause the hazard>.
H 30 May damage fertility or the unborn child
exposure if it is conclusively proven that no other routes of exposure cause the hazard>.
H 31 Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child
route of exposure if it is conclusively proven that no other routes of exposure cause the
hazard>.
H 32 May cause harm to breast-fed children.
H 30 Causes damage to organs
if it is conclusively proven that no other routes of exposure cause the hazard>.
H 31 May cause damage to organs
ure if it is conclusively proven that no other routes of exposure cause the hazard>.
H 32 Causes damage to organs through prolonged or
repeated exposure
of exposure cause the hazard>.
H 33 May cause damage to organs through prolonged or
repeated exposure
of exposure cause the hazard>.
H 400 Very toxic to aquatic life.
H 410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
H 411 Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
H 412 Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
H 413 May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life.
EUH 001 Explosive when dry
EUH 00 Explosive with or without contact with air.
EUH 014 Reacts violently with water.
EUH 01 In use may form flammable/explosive vapour-air mixture
EUH 019 May form explosive peroxides.
EUH 029 Contact with water liberates toxic gas.
EUH 030 Can become highly flammable in use.
EUH 031 Contact with acids liberates toxic gas.
EUH 032 Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas.
EUH 044 Risk of explosion if heated under confinement.
EUH 059 Hazardous to the ozone layer.
Part III 22
EUH 0 Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking
EUH 00 Toxic by eye contact
EUH 01 Corrosive to the respiratory tract.
EUH 201 Contains lead. Should not be used on surfaces liable to be chewed or sucked by children.
Warning! Contains lead
EUH 202 Cyanoacrylate. Danger. Bonds skin and eyes in seconds. Keep out of the reach of child-
ren.
EUH 203 Contains chromium (VI). May produce an allergic reaction.
EUH 204 Contains isocyanates. See information supplied by the manufacturer.
EUH 205 Contains epoxy constituents. See information supplied by the manufacturer
EUH 20 Warning! Do not use together with other products. May release dangerous gases (chlori-
ne).
EUH 20 Warning! Contains cadmium. Dangerous fumes are formed during use. See information sup-
plied by the manufacturer. Comply with the safety instructions.
EUH 20 Contains (name of sensitising substance). May produce an allergic reaction.
EUH 209 Can become highly flammable in use or can become flammable in use.
EUH 210 Safety data sheet available on request
EUH 401 To avoid risks to human health and the environment, comply with the instructions for use.
Part III 23
EU Safety Phrases for hazardous substances
Changes of the 2th Adaptation to the Technical Progress (ATP 2) on August 2001 are indicated.
EU Safety Phrases
S1 Keep locked up.
S 1/2 Keep locked up and out of the reach of children.
S2 Keep out of the reach of children.
S3 Keep in a cool place.
S 3/ Keep container tightly closed in a cool place.
S 3/9/14 Keep in a cool, well-ventilated place away from incompatible materials (to be indicated by
the manufacturer).
S 3/9/14/49 Keep only in the original container in a cool, well-ventilated place away from ... (incompa-
tible materials to be indicated by the manufacturer).
S 3/9/49 Keep only in original container in a cool, well-ventilated place.
S 3/14 Keep in a cool place away from ... (incompatible materials to be specified by the manuf-
acturer).
S4 Keep away from living quarters.
S5 Keep contents under ... (appropriate liquid to be specified by the manufacturer).
S Keep under ... (inert gas to be specified by the manufacturer).
S Keep container tightly closed.
S / Keep container tightly closed and dry.
S /9 Keep container tightly closed and in a well-ventilated place.
S /4 Keep container tightly closed and at a temperature not exceeding ... 癈 (to be specified by
the manufacturer).
S Keep container dry.
S9 Keep container in a well-ventilated place.
S 10 ---
S 11 ---
S 12 Do not keep the container sealed.
S 13 Keep away from food, drink and animal feedingstuffs.
S 14 Keep away from ... (incompatible materials to be indicated by the manufacturer).
S 15 Keep away from heat.
S 1 Keep away from sources of ignition -- No smoking.
S 1 Keep away from combustible material.
S 1 Handle and open container with care.
S 19 ---
S 20 When using do not eat or drink.
S 20/21 When using do not eat, drink or smoke.
Part III 24
S 21 When using do not smoke.
S 22 Do not breathe dust.
S 23 Do not breathe gas/fumes/vapour/spray (appropriate wording to be specified by the manuf-
acturer).
S 24 Avoid contact with the skin.
S 24/25 Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 25 Avoid contact with eyes.
S 2 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical
advice.
S 2 Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
S 2/2 After contact with skin, take off immediately all contaminated clothing, and wash immedia-
tely with plenty of ... (to be specified by the manufacturer).
S 2 After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of ... (to be specified by the manuf-
acturer).
S 29 Do not empty into drains.
S 29/35 Do not empty into drains; dispose of this material and its container in a safe way.
S 29/5 Do not empty into drains, dispose of this material and its container at hazardous or special
waste collection point.
S 30 Never add water to this product.
S 31 ---
S 32 ---
S 33 Take precautionary measures against static discharges.
S 34 Avoid shock and friction. The phrase has been deleted by ATP 2 ( August 2001), but may
still appear in cards not modified since then.
S 35 This material and its container must be disposed of in a safe way.
S 3 Wear suitable protective clothing.
S 3/3 Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves.
S 3/3/39 Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
S 3/39 Wear suitable protective clothing and eye/face protection.
S 3 Wear suitable gloves.
S 3/39 Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection.
S 3 In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment.
S 39 Wear eye/face protection.
S 40 To clean the floor and all objects contaminated by this material, use ... (to be specified by
the manufacturer).
S 41 In case of fire and/or explosion do not breathe fumes.
S 42 During fumigation/spraying wear suitable respiratory equipment (appropriate wording to
specified by the manufacturer).
S 43 In case of fire, use ... (indicate in the space the precise type of fire-fighting equipment. If
water increases the risk, add 'Never use water').
Part III 25
S 44 If you feel unwell, seek medical advice (show label where possible). The phrase has been
deleted by ATP 2 ( August 2001), but may still appear in cards not modified since then.
S 45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label
where possible).
S 4 If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show container or label.
S 4 Keep at temperature not exceeding ... 癈 (to be specified by the manufacturer).
S 4/49 Keep only in the original container at a temperature not exceeding ... 癈 (to be specified
by the manufacturer).
S 4 Keep wet with ... (appropriate material to be specified by the manufacturer).
S 49 Keep only in the original container.
S 50 Do not mix with ... (to be specified by the manufacturer).
S 51 Use only in well-ventilated areas.
S 52 Not recommended for interior use on large surface areas.
S 53 Avoid exposure -- obtain special instructions before use.
S 54 ---
S 55 ---
S 5 Dispose of this material and its container to hazardous or special waste collection point.
S 5 Use appropriate container to avoid environmental contamination.
S 5 ---
S 59 Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on recovery/ recycling.
S 0 This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste.
S 1 Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheets.
S 2 If swallowed, do not induce vomiting: seek medical advice immediately and show this
container or label.
S 3 In case of accident by inhalation: remove casualty to fresh air and keep at rest.
S 4 If swallowed, rinse mouth with water (only if the person is conscious).
Updated by AS. Approved by EC. Last modification: 21 March 2002.
Source: International Labour Organisation, International Occupational Safety and Health Information
Centre (CIS/ILO), Information compiled from (last update September 1999):
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/safetytm/classify.htm
Part III 2
Tool 3 ?Material Safety Data Where should MSDSs be kept?
Sheets (MSDS)
An MSDS for every chemical substance used in
your operation should be kept in a central place
1. MSDS:
and be readily available for consultation by workers
? Provides valuable information that you can use and supervisors.
to optimise chemical use and improve work-
The information provided on the MSDS serves as
place health & safety standards.
the basis for providing oral and written instructions
? Indicates characteristics, properties and quality to workers (see Tool 6), and for training workers
of the chemical having influence on the end and supervisors in the safe use of chemicals. This
product. training should include instructions for workers on
how to obtain and use the information provided on
? Allows you to determine chemical compatibility
the Material Safety Data Sheet.
and do proper mixing.
Where can you obtain MSDSs?
? Gives information about proper storage & hand-
ling (e.g. ventilation). Contact the supplier of the chemical.
? Enables you to prevent losses from the expiry
of materials.
? Indicates appropriate security precautions and
needed controls, including the use of personal
protection equipment (PPE).
? Spells out emergency procedures in case of
spills, fire, explosion.
? Indicates steps for first-aid.
? Specifies the hazard level, which gives clues
? All chemical providers are legally obliged to pre-
about the possible effects on water, soil and
pare and provide information to buyers regar-
human health.
ding the hazardous properties of substances.
? Specifies the flashpoint (the lowest tempera-
? Ask your chemical supplier if the MSDS can be
ture at which a chemical releases flammable
provided in the local language currently used by
vapour). The lower the flashpoint, the more
the workers of your factory.
hazardous the chemical is as a source of fuel
for fire or explosion. Do an Internet search:
? Specifies the boiling point, which is used to ? The Internet can be a practical source of infor-
determine volatility. The lower the boiling point, mation on pure substances (e.g. sodium sulfide,
the higher the volatility. nitric acid, etc.) as the characteristics of these
substances do not vary by manufacturer.
Part III 2
www.chemexper.com is a source of information Section 6 outlines the procedures to be followed in
case of accidental release of the chemical, inclu-
on pure substances (MSDSs can be found and
printed from this site in English) ding methods to be used to clean up spills.
Section 7 is an important section indicating appro-
priate handling and storage (see Tool 8).
Section 8 provides information on regulatory stan-
dards for exposure limits, in other words, the
maximum permitted concentration of the material
in the work environment to which you are allowed
to be exposed. It also usually contains information
of suitable types of PPE.
.
Section 9 is self explanatory about physical and
chemical properties of the substance.
For formulations made from multiple compo-
?br>
Section 10 is about stability and reactivity of the
nents (e.g. a lacquer is composed of solvents,
substance.
pigments, and additives), the supplier of the par-
ticular substance is the only source of informati-
Section 11 outlines the risks to which you may be
on about its actual hazards and characteristics.
exposed when using the chemical. It is therefore
a section of crucial importance. (Toxicological
The extensive information included in MSDS
information).
usually contains the following information in 16
sections in accordance with the model specified
Section 12 is largely self explanatory about ecolo-
in Directive 91/155/EEC as amended by Directive
gical information.
2001/5/EC (MSDS from other countries may have
a different structure):
Section 13 which deals with disposal conside-
rations, is often not sufficiently detailed for you to
Section 1 gives details of the company issuing
be able to undertake disposal yourself. If you need
the data sheet and further identification of the
to dispose the chemical after use, ensure that you
substance.
know how to do this safely (see Tool 9 for some
basic principles).
Section 2 identifies the material and gives the CAS
and other registration numbers.
Section 14 gives transport information, generally
as a list of codes indicating the dangers associated
Section 3 summarizes the major hazards asso-
with the chemical (e.g. flammable, radioactive, very
ciated with the use of this chemical. The R- and
toxic, etc.) and the type of transport which may be
S- Phrases in this section are followed by expla-
used.
natory text.
Section 15 lists the hazard codes which indicate
Section 4 outlines first aid measures.
the principle hazard associated with the chemical
Section 5 covers fire fighting procedures and and the precautions which should be taken when
protecting equipment. working with it.
Part III 2
Section 16 is for an additional information such
as the name of the person preparing the MSDS, a
list of references from which data has been drawn,
etc.
!
The MSDS shall enable the employer
to determine whether any hazardous
chemical agents are present at the
workplace and to assess any risk to
the health & safety of workers arising
from their use and how to control
them.
Selection of MSDS internet sites:
? http://www2.hazard.com/msds/index.php
? http://www.msds.com/
? http://www.ncsu.edu/ehs/MSDS.htm
? In a search machine such as Google type msds
followed by the name of the chemical or pro-
duct
In the next five pages you will find an
Example of the Material Safety Data Sheet of
2-Naphtol
Note: The following example is a Material Safety
Data Sheet obtained from the Internet (www.chem-
exper. com). This site is a useful source of informa-
tion on pure substances.
Part III 29
MSDS for 2-Naphthol, 9%
**** MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET ****
2-Naphthol, 9%
**** SECTION 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION ****
MSDS Name: 2-Naphthol, 9%
Catalog Numbers: 159-0000, 159-0010, 159-0025
Synonyms: 2-Hydroxynaphthalene; beta-naphthol
Company Identification (Europe): Acros Organics BVBA
Janssen Pharmaceuticalaan 3a
2440 Geel, Belgium
Company Identification (USA): Acros Organics
One Reagent Lane
Fairlawn, NJ 0410
For information in North America, call: 00-ACROS-01
For information in Europe, call: 0032(0) 1455211
For emergencies in the US, call CHEMTREC: 00-424-9300
For emergencies in Europe, call: 0032(0) 1455299
*** SECTION 2 - COMPOSITION, INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS ****
+----------------+--------------------------------------+----------+---------------+
| CAS# | Chemical Name |% | EINECS# |
|-----------------|----------------------------------------|-----------|----------------|
| 135-19-3 |2-Naphthol | 9% | 205-12- |
+----------------+--------------------------------------+----------+---------------+
Hazard Symbols: XN N
Risk Phrases: 20/22 50
**** SECTION 3 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION ****
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. Very toxic to aquatic
organisms. Light sensitive.
Potential Health Effects
Eye: Causes moderate eye irritation.
Skin: Causes mild skin irritation. May be harmful
if absorbed through the skin.
Ingestion: Harmful if swallowed. May cause irritation of the
digestive tract.
Inhalation: May be fatal if inhaled. Harmful if inhaled.
May cause respiratory tract irritation.
Chronic: Prolonged or repeated exposure may cause permanent
eye damage.
Part III 30
**** SECTION 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES ****
Eyes: Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the
upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid.
Skin: Get medical aid. Flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes
while removing contaminated clothing and shoes.
Ingestion: Do NOT induce vomiting. Get medical aid. Wash mouth out with water.
Inhalation: Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If not
breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.
Notes to Physician:
**** SECTION 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES ****
General Information:
As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH
(approved or equivalent), and full protective gear.
Extinguishing Media:
Use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or chemical foam.
**** SECTION - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES ****
General Information:
Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated in Section .
Spills/Leaks:
Vacuum or sweep up material and place into a suitable disposal container. Avoid generating dusty
conditions.
**** SECTION - HANDLING AND STORAGE ****
Handling:
Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Do not get on skin and clothing. Do not breathe dust,
vapor, mist, or gas. Use only in a chemical fume hood.
Storage:
Store in a cool, dry place. Do not store in direct sunlight. Store in a tightly closed container.
Part III 31
**** SECTION - EXPOSURE CONTROLS, PERSONAL PROTECTION ****
Engineering Controls:
Use adequate ventilation to keep airborne concentrations low.
Personal Protective Equipment
Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described
by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European
Standard EN1.
Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure.
Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Respirators: Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29CFR 1910.134 or European
Standard EN 149. Always use a NIOSH or European Standard EN 149 approved
respirator when necessary.
**** SECTION 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ****
Physical State: Flakes
Appearance: light brown - beige
Odour: phenol-like - weak odor
pH: Not available.
Vapor Pressure: hPa at 145 deg C
Viscosity: Not available.
Boiling Point: 25 - 2 deg C at 0.00mm Hg
Freezing/Melting Point: 120 - 124 deg C
Autoignition Temperature: Not available.
Flash Point: 10 deg C ( 320.00 deg F)
Explosion Limits, lower: Not available.
Explosion Limits, upper: Not available.
Decomposition Temperature: 400 deg C
Solubility in water: Not available.
Specific Gravity/Density: Molecular Formula: C10HOH
Molecular Weight: 144.1
**** SECTION 10 - STABILITY AND REACTIVITY ****
Chemical Stability:
Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.
Conditions to Avoid:
Incompatible materials, light.
Incompatibilities with Other Materials:
Strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, acid chlorides, nitric acid, phenols, sulfuric acid, ferric
salts, potassium permanganate, acid anhydrides, antipyrine.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.
Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur.
Part III 32
**** SECTION 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION ****
RTECS#:
CAS# 135-19-3: QL295000
LD50/LC50:
CAS# 135-19-3:
Draize test, rabbit, eye: 100 mg Moderate;
Draize test, rabbit, skin: 500 mg/24H Mild;
Inhalation, rat: LC50 = >0 mg/m3/1H;
Oral, rat: LD50 = 190 mg/kg;
Skin, rabbit: LD50 = >10 gm/kg.
Carcinogenicity: 2-Naphthol - Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, NIOSH, NTP, or OSHA.
Other:
See actual entry in RTECS for complete information.
*** SECTION 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION ****
Ecotoxicity:
Fish toxicity: LC50 fathead minnow 3.5 mg/L/9HLC50 rainbow trout 0.12 mg/L/2day
Invertebrate toxicity: LC50 Daphnia magna 3.5 mg/L/4HEC50 Selenastrum capricornutum
19 mg/L/4HEC50
Photobacterium phosphoreum 0.25 ppm/5-30 min Microtox test (The Dictionary of
Substances and their Effects, 1992).
Other
Avoid entering into waters or underground water.
**** SECTION 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS ****
Dispose of in a manner consistent with federal, state, and local regulations.
**** SECTION 14 - TRANSPORT INFORMATION ****
IATA
Shipping Name: TOXIC SOLID, ORGANIC, N.O.S.*
Hazard Class: .1
UN Number: 211
Packing Group: III
IMO
Shipping Name: TOXIC SOLID, ORGANIC, N.O.S.
Hazard Class: .1
UN Number: 211
Packing Group: III
RID/ADR
Shipping Name: TOXIC SOLID, ORGANIC, N.O.S.
Hazard Class: .1
UN Number: 211
Packing group: I
* see abbreviations for MSDS on page 111
Part III 33
**** SECTION 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION ****
European/International Regulations
European Labeling in Accordance with EC Directives
Hazard Symbols: XN N
Risk Phrases:
R 20/22 Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed.
R 50 Very toxic to aquatic organisms.
Safety Phrases:
S 24/25 Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 1 Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/Safety data sheets.
WGK (Water Danger/Protection)
CAS# 135-19-3: 2
United Kingdom Occupational Exposure Limits
Canada
CAS# 135-19-3 is listed on Canada's DSL List.
CAS# 135-19-3 is listed on Canada's Ingredient Disclosure List.
Exposure Limits
CAS# 135-19-3: OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 0.1 mg/m3
US FEDERAL
TSCA
CAS# 135-19-3 is listed on the TSCA inventory.
**** SECTION 1 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ****
MSDS Creation Date: 9/03/199 Revision #2 Date: 11/02/1999
The information above is believed to be accurate and represents the best information currently
available to us. However, we make no warranty of merchantability or any other warranty, express
or implied, with respect to such information, and we assume no liability resulting from its use. Users
should make their own investigations to determine the suitability of the information for their particu-
lar purposes. In no way shall the company be liable for any claims, losses, or damages of any third
party or for lost profits or any special, indirect, incidental, consequential or exemplary damages,
howsoever arising, even if the company has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
See abbreviations for MSDS on page 111
Part III 34
2. International Chemical Safety Cards programmes and/or in agriculture or having a high
(ICSC): or an unusual toxicity record. The data sheets are
prepared by scientific experts and peer reviewed.
Another source of information about safe use of The comments of industry are provided through the
chemicals is at the ILO website for international industrial association, the Global Crop Protection
chemical safety cards. (ICSC) Federation (GCPF). The data sheets are revised
from time to time as required.
Since MSDSs are not universally available in small
and medium sized enterprises, ILO/WHO has
devised an equivalent polyglot tool, the ICSC.
An ICSC summarises essential health and safety
information on chemicals for their use at the
`shop floor' level by workers and employers in
factories, agriculture, construction and other
work places. ICSCs are not legally binding docu-
ments, but consist of a series of standard phrases,
mainly summarizing health & safety information
collected, verified and peer reviewed by interna-
tionally recognized experts, taking into account
advice from manufacturers and Poison Control
Centres.
The ICSCs are available on the World Wide Web
in many languages at:
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safe-
work/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/a_index.htm
3. Pesticide Data Sheets (PDS)
When using pesticides special precautions have to
be taken due to their very hazardous nature if they
are not handled appropriately. The tool of choice
are the PDS. They contain basic information for
safe use of pesticides and can be found under:
http:// www.inchem.org/pages/pds.html.
The Pesticide Data Sheets are prepared by the
World Health Organisation (WHO) in collaboration
with the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)
and give basic toxicological information on indivi-
dual pesticides. Priority for issue of PDS is given
to substances having a wide use in public health
Part III 35
Tool 4a - Identifying inhalation
hazard groups
Distinguishing between increasing levels of
!
hazard for human health
To help you determine the potential for harm
In order to prevent serious harm
of different chemicals, the International Labour
to people and/or the environment,
Organisation (ILO) has categorized the existing
chemical substances that have the
R-Phrases (see figure 11) into five hazard groups
potential to cause more serious harm
based on increasing hazard (Groups A to E). require a greater level of control than
less harmful substances.
A substance with an R-Phrase and/or its combina-
tions that lead to the chemical to be categorized in
Group C is more hazardous than a substance that
falls in Group A or B. Group E substances are the
most hazardous.
Depending on the level of potential harm (high
to low) of hazardous substances/chemicals dif-
ferent control approaches have to be choosen.
Part III 3
Figure 11: The ILO Classification of Hazard Groups A to E for Chemicals
causing harm when inhaled is based on their links to certain R-Phrases
Hazard Group Linked R-Phrases
A R3, R3/3, R3, R5, R
and all chemicals (if the R-Phrases characterization is applied) not allocated
to another band
B R20, R20/21, R20/21/22, R20/22, R21, R21/22, R22, R33, R, R/20,
R/20/21, R/20/21/22, R/20/22, R/21, R/21/22, R/22
and all chemicals with insufficient known characteristics**
C R23, R23/24, R23/24/25, R23/25, R24, R24/25, R25, R34, R35,
R3/3, R3/3/3, R3, R3/3, R39/23, R39/23/24, R39/23/24/25,
R39/23/25, R39/24, R39/24/25, R39/25, R41, R43, R4/20,
R4/20/21, R4/20/21/22, R4/20/22, R4/21, R4/21/22, R4/22
D R2, R2/2, R2/2/2, R2/2, R2, R2/2, R2, R39/2,
R39/2/2, R39/2/2/2, R39/2/2, R39/2, R39/2/2,
R39/2, R40, R4/23, R4/23/24, R4/23/24/25, R4/23/25,
R4/24, R4/24/25, R4/25, R0, R1, R2, R3, R4
E R42, R42/43, R45, R4, R49, R
** Chemicals with insufficient known characteristics as stated in the MSDS should be classified under Hazard Group B
The following R-phrases have been removed by the Adaptation to the Technical Progress (ATP 2) from
August 2001, but may still appear in older MSDS:
? R40/20, R40/20/21, R40/20/22, R40/21, R40/21/22, R40/20/21/22, R40/22, R40/21/22 belong to
Hazard Group B.
? Carc cat 3 R40 belongs to Hazard Group D.
? Muta cat 3 R40 belongs to Hazard Group E.
The R-Phrases
guide you to the Hazard
Groups.
Part III 3
Identifying unacceptable risks For liquids, you need to look at the substance's
`volatility'
To determine if significant risks exist in your ope-
ration through the use of a particular chemical Figure 13 helps you determine the level of dustiness
substance or formulation, you need to look at two of a particular chemical substance and Figures 14
factors: a and b help you determine the level of volatility of
a particular chemical substance.
? Amount of the substance used (Factor 1)
? Ability to become airborne (Factor 2).
The more volatile/dusty, the more
Both of these factors ?scale of use and the ability
exposure!
to become airborne ?influence the level to which
people are exposed to the substance and are
therefore in a potentially harmful situation.
Factor 1: What amount of the substance
is being used?
First, you need to decide if the amount of the sub-
stance in solid or liquid form that is used in each
batch (or daily for continuous operations) can be
described as small, medium or large.
Figure 12 can help you make this determination
based on the weight/volume of the substance and
the form in which it was delivered to you by the
supplier.
Factor 2: How much of the substance
is airborne?
The physical form of a substance influences how
likely it is to become airborne. In this respect, you
need to consider the level of `dustiness' for solids.
Part III 3
Figure 12: Determining the amount of chemicals
required for the production process
Quantity Weight Volume How received
from supplier
Small Grams (g) Millilitres (ml) Packet or bottles
Medium Kilograms (kg) Litres (l) Kegs or drums
Large Tonnes (t) Cubic metres (m3) Bulk
If you are in doubt about the amount, choose the larger quantity
If liquid hazardous substances are used on large surface areas (for example when painting or
cleaning) no more than 1 litre of the subsance per full working day should be used in order to
qualify the quantity group `small'.
Part III 39
Figure 13: Determining the dustiness of substances
Solids The dustiness of a solid is determined as follows:
Low Pellet-like solids that don't break up.
Little dust during use (e.g. PVC pellets, waxed flakes)
Medium Crystalline, granular solids.
Dust settles quickly (e.g. detergents)
High Fine, light powders.
When used, dust clouds form and remain in the air for several minutes (e.g. cement,
carbon black, chalk dust)
Figure 14a: Determining the level of volatility of substances
Liquids Volatility refers to the ability of a liquid to turn into a vapour and therefore get into the
air. To determine the volatility of a liquid, you need to find its boiling point (i.e. look on
the MSDS available from the chemical supplier). Compare the boiling point against the
descriptions below in order to determine the level of volatility:
Low Boiling point above 150癈
Medium Boiling point between 150癈 and 50癈
High Boiling point below 50癈
Processes being carried out above room temperature (approximately 20?C), will typically increase the volatility (i.e.
increase the risk of the liquid to turn into a vapour (see Figure 14b) of a chemical. Use therefore Figure 14 b to
determine volatility by consideration of boiling and operating temperature.
If you are using a preparation made up of two or more substances with different boiling points, use the lowest boiling
point to determine the level of volatility.
Part III 40
Figure 14b: Determination of volatility under different
operating temperatures
For example naphtol has a boiling point of 285癈. When working at 20癈 you consider the vola-
tility according to the table in the range of low. When working at 75癈 the volatility of naphtol
is in the range of medium and when working at 150癈 the volatility of naphtol is in the range of
high.
Part III 41
Determining the necessary approach to control ded to prevent or control exposure to significant
hazardous situations for chemicals causing hazards that may arise during the storage, use,
harm by inhalation handling, transport and disposal of a particular
chemical substance.
The previous sections outlined the steps to deter-
Use figure 15 to identify the necessary control
mine:
approach by matching the hazard group with the
? The hazard group amount of the substance used (in a batch or daily)
and its level of dustiness (for a solid) or volatility
? Scale of use (amount) of a substance
(for a liquid).
? Its ability to become airborne (dustiness or
The four different control approaches in figure 15
volatility).
are indicated by the numbers 1 to 4 and by four
different colors.
Once you have evaluated this information, you can
then identify the approach (see figure 15) nee-
Part III 42
Figure 15: Determining the necessary Control Approach
Amount used Low dustiness Medium volatility Medium High dustiness
or low volatility dustiness or high volatility
Hazard Group A
grams or millilitres 1 1 1 1
kilograms or litres 1 1 1 2
tonnes or cubic metres 1 1 2 2
Hazard Group B
grams or millilitres 1 1 1 1
kilograms or litres 1 2 2 2
tonnes or cubic metres 1 2 3 3
Hazard Group C
grams or millilitres 1 2 1 2
kilograms or litres 2 3 3 3
tonnes or cubic metres 2 4 4 4
Hazard Group D
grams or millilitres 2 3 2 3
kilograms or litres 3 4 4 4
tonnes or cubic metres 3 4 4 4
Hazard Group E
For all substances in hazard group E control approach 4 is required
This method of linking R-Phrases with hazard classification in the identification of needed control approaches is based wholly on the
approach of the ILO International Chemical Control Toolkit (see http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/ctrl_banding/
toolkit/main_guide).
The numbers 1-4 in the box indi-
cate the recommended control
approach.
Part III 43
Tool 5a - Identifying skin hazard Group Skin E substances are the most hazardous.
The least hazardous are allocated to skin hazard
groups
group A.
The simplest way for chemicals to harm the body
is through direct contact with the skin or eyes.
Skin contact with a chemical may result in a local
reaction, such as a burn, rash or absorption into Corrosive
the bloodstream. Absorption into the bloodstream
may then allow the chemical to cause toxic effects
on other parts of the body. Local reactions as well
as toxic effects caused by absorption can be very
painful and can affect adversely both work and
social life. How quickly a disease caused by skin
contact develops, depends on the hazardous pro-
perties of the substance and how much/how often
it comes in contact with the skin.
Chemicals may also provoke sensitisation and
allergies by skin contact.
To categorise the hazardous properties of chemi-
cals the German Federal Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (BAuA) has linked R-Phrases of
chemicals causing harm when in contact or absor-
bed by skin into 5 different hazard groups (Skin A
?Skin E) based on increasing hazard.
Part III 44
Figure 1: BAuA classification of Skin Hazard Groups (Skin A-E) for chemicals cau-
sing harm via skin and eye contact (0.11.0)
Skin hazard group Linked R-Phrase
Skin A R
Skin B R3
Skin C R21, R20/21, R20/21/22, R21/22, R43, R4/21, R/21
R24, R23/24, R23/24/25, R34, R39/24, R39/24/25, R39/23/24, R39/23/24/25,
Skin D R40, R4/24, R4/23/24, R4/24/25, R4/23/24/25, R2*, R3*, R*
and chemicals with insufficient known characteristics
R24 and R34, R2, R2/2, R2/2, R2/2/2, R35, R39/2, R39/2/2,
Skin E
R39/2/2, R39/2/2/2, R45, R4, R0*, R1*, CMR**
* These R Phrases have to be only classified in the group, if the substance is absorbed by the skin. The MSDS
usually includes information regarding whether or not skin absorption is significant. In case of doubt skin absorption
should be assumed.
** carcinogenic, mutagenic, impairing reproductive health
Examples of pictograms remembering the use of PPE when working
with chemicals absorbed by skin and eyes
wear safety shoes wear goggles wear face shield
wear apron
Part III 45
Tool 6 - Written and oral work risks and safety requirements. An external consul-
tant should be involved in such cases and he/she
Instructions
should work closely with the concerned employees
Instruction and Training are at the core of any che- to adapt the work instructions to the reality of the
mical management program. It enables the wor- company.
kers to recognize health and safety hazards, and
To visualise hazards and for recommending control
to prevent accidents and injuries. Work instructions
measures pictograms should be used. You can
are an essential element in worker information.
download pictograms from http://forum.cptec.org/
Using a simple layout and a straightforward langua- index.php?showtopic=305. (see different pictogram
ge, the work instructions should inform workers of examples below in the work instructons for oxystop
the hazardous substances occurring at the work- and for glutaraldehyde).
place, the hazards to health, the relevant protection
It is a great benefit for the employer to have work
measures and how to act in case of an accident.
instructions for hazardous substances, dangerous
It also serves as the basis for a written and oral
processes and important steps during the opera-
instruction which workers must receive annually
tion in the company. Work instructions must be
or before taking up a new activity. It is recommen-
followed and should be regarded as a powerful
ded, that instructed workers should confirm the
instrument to (a) inform the workers, (b) document
received and understood instructions / training by
the training and the special handling of certain
signature.
substances and (c) avoid serious injuries. The work
In general the following points should be included instructions should be in a place in the company
in a work instructions: where it can easily be seen and read. Further, the
work instructions should be delivered to the worker
? Name (product identification)
when working for the first time with these chemi-
cals, or during a routine training. A written and oral
? Hazards identification
instruction must be given in a simple and straight-
? Safety measures and safe handling
forward language and after this the worker must
? Accidental release measures sign that he/she was instructed and knows how
to behave during routine activities and in the case
? First-aid
of an incident/accident. They have to understand
? Appropriate disposal
that disregarding the work instructions can result in
The data needed for the content of the work accidents and serious injuries.
instructions can be genrally found in the MSDS of
Three examples of work instructions are presented
the respective substance. Important technical and
here:
operational requirements found in the ILO task-
specific control guidance sheets (see http://www.
1) The first work instruction example shows the
ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/ctrl_ban-
correct removal of gloves when using corrosive
ding/toolkit/icct/index.htm) should also be reflec-
chemicals.
ted in the work instructions. The legal framework
should be considered and can be integrated in the 2) The second example is for `Oxystop'. Oxystop
work instructions. The writing of work instructions is a chemical applied for the conditioning of boiler
may be sometimes too complex. This will depend water. The dosage system is located in a boiler
on substances, required operation, corresponding house. Barrels are connected to the dosage device
Part III 4
by a feed pipe. The dosage device is connected rels, which shall be remediate with the measures
to the batching tank by a dosing valve. The barrel, listed in the work instructions.
the feed pipe, the dosage device and the batching
3) The third example is for the safe use of glutaral-
compose a closed system. Hazards can arise by
dehyde, a hazardous chemical.
spillage of the substance when changing the bar-
Example 1: Work instruction for correct removal of gloves
Part III 4
Example 2: Work instructions for Oxystop
WORKPLACE: Water treatment
WORKAREA
Boiler house Activity: Change of barrel: Dosage
Name
OXYSTOP
Organic oxy-
(product iden-
gen binder,
tification)
Basis: Diethylhydroxylamin (DEHA)
Supplier: Elfa-Oxy-Chemie
? Irritates the eyes, the respiratory organs and the
skin
Hazards identificati-
? Hazardous for water, class of risks for water 2
on
Irritant ? Must not be delivered into draining/sewage
water!
Transport barrel onto the working platform only with hois-
ransport
ting basket and hoisting equipment!
Safety measures and
safe handling
When connecting the container to the feed pipe wear rub-
ber gloves (gloves for protection of acids) and protective
goggles!
Leakages in the dosage system have to be reported imme-
diately to the general management!
Accidental release In case of release of large amounts of Oxystop (e.g. for the
upset of the container) wear a mask for full protection with
measures
composite filter A2-P3 (brown)!
Treat spilled liquid with Hydroperls, call fire brigade
When getting Oxystop in touch with the eyes rinse the eyes
thoroughly and seek medical advice!
Take off draggled, soaked clothes immediately, and clean
First aid
moistened skin thoroughly with water!
If swallowed call on works doctor and show label or MSDS
(material safety data sheet)!
Oxystop must not get into the drainage / sewer!
Treat leakages with Hydroperls and call the fire brigades
Appropriate disposal
for disposal!
Give back empty containers to the storehouse!
Part III 4
Example 3: Work instruction for safe use of glutaraldehyde
|