Material Safety Data Sheet
Lawn-Boy, Inc.
8111 Lyndale Ave S
Bloomington, MN 55420
Revision Date: August 24, 2009 Issue Date: September 1, 2009
Product Identification
Antifreeze Parts Number: 26-0560
Product Name:
Antifreeze
Product type:
MSDS #
Chemtrec : 1-800-424-9300
Emergency Contact:
1-952-888-8801
Contact Number:
Chemical Components
Chemical CAS # % ACGIH TLV OSHA PEL Other
Ethylene Glycol 107-21-1 90 - 95 50 ppm 50 ppm
Diethylene Glycol 111-46-6 0-5 None None
Dipotassium Phosphate 7758-11-4 1-2 None None
Physical and Chemical Properties
Characteristics Physical Properties Hazards Description Physical Dangers
Stability: Stable
liquid Vapor pressure (mm of Hg) @ 20C:
Physical
Conditions to Avoid:
<0.1
State
Keep away from flame May be fatal if
pH
Green (50% Water Solution):
Color
swallowed.
Incompatibility
10.5-11.0
Slight
Odor
(Materials to Avoid):
Boiling 171 - 175oC (339 -
point/range: Strong acid or oxidizing Vapors can cause
348oF)
agents eye irritation.
Freeze -18oC (0oF)
HMIS Rating Hazardous
point/range:
2
Health: Decomposition
Specific gravity Products: Incomplete
1.12
1
Flammability: combustion may produce
Vapor density 2.1 CO gas
0
Physical Hazardous
Evaporation rate Nil
Hazard: Polymerization: Will not
Solubility in water Complete
Pounds/Gallons: occur
VOC content:
9.3 97.0
Flash Point
Page 1 of 8
Health Hazards
Major Routes of Ingredients Considered Potential Health Effects:
Exposure: Hazardous to Health
Cancer Information: Based on data Inhalation. At room temperature, exposures to
Inhalation X
from long-term animal studies, ethylene vapors are minimal due to physical properties;
Skin X
glycol is not believed to pose a higher temperatures may generate vapor levels
Ingestion X
carcinogenic risk to man. sufficient to cause adverse effects.
Eye X
Teratology (Birth Defects): Exposure Skin contact Prolonged or repeated exposure not
to ethylene glycol has caused birth likely to cause significant skin irritation. A single
defects in laboratory animals only at prolonged exposure is not likely to result in the
doses toxic to the mother. material being absorbed through skin in harmful
amounts. Repeated skin exposure may result in
absorption of harmful amounts. Massive contact
with damaged skin or of material sufficiently hot to
burn skin may result in absorption of potential lethal
amounts.
Reproductive Effects: Ethylene glycol Eye contact:. May cause slight transient
has not interfered with reproduction in (temporary) eye irritation. Corneal injury is unlikely.
animal studies except at very high Vapors or mists may cause eye irritation
doses.
Effects of Repeated Overexposure: Ingestion: Single dose oral toxicity is considered to
Repeated inhalation of ethylene glycol be moderate. Excessive exposure may cause
mist may produce signs of central central nervous
nervous system involvement, system effects, cardiopulmonary effects (metabolic
particularly dizziness and nystagmus. acidosis), and kidney failure. Small amounts
Other Effects of Overexposure: swallowed
repeated skin contact with ethylene incidental to normal handling operations are not
glycol may, in a very small proportion likely to cause injury; however, swallowing amounts
of larger than
cases, cause sensitization with the that may cause serious injury, even death.
development of allergic contact
dermatitis. The incidence is
significantly less
than 1% with the undiluted material.
Systemic (Other Target Organ) Effects: Repeated excessive exposures may cause severe kidney and also liver
and gastrointestinal effects. Signs and symptoms of excessive exposure may be central nervous system effects.
Signs and symptoms of excessive exposure may be nausea and/or vomiting. Signs and symptoms of excessive
exposure may be anesthetic or narcotic effects. Observations in animals include formation of bladder stones after
repeated oral doses of ethylene glycol. Reports of kidney failure and death in burn patients suggest the ethylene
glycol may have been a factor. The use of topical applications containing this material may not be appropriate in
severely burned patients or individuals with impaired renal function.
First Aid Measures Personal Protection
Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with large amounts of water for 15 Respiratory Protection: Respiratory protection is
minutes, lifting lower and upper lids. Get medical attention as soon required if airborne concentration exceeds TLV. At
as possible. Contact lenses should never be worn when working any
with this chemical. detectable concentration any self-contained
Skin: Flush area of skin contact immediately with large amounts of breathing apparatus with a full face piece and
water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing. operated in a pressuredemand
If irritation persists after flushing, get medical attention promptly. or other positive pressure mode or any supplied-
Wash clothing before reuse. air respirator with a full face piece and operated in
Inhalation: If inhaled, immediately remove victim to fresh air and a
pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode
call emergency medical care. If not breathing, give artificial
in combination with an auxiliary self-contained
respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.
breathing
Ingestion: Obtain medical attention immediately. If patient is fully
apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other
conscious, give two glasses of water. Do not induce vomiting. If
Page 2 of 8
medical advice is delayed, and if the person has swallowed a positive pressure mode.
moderate volume of material (a few ounces), then give three to four Escape: Any air-purifying full face piece respirator
ounces of hard liquor, such as whisky. For children, give (gas mask) with a chin-style or front- or back-
proportionally less liquor, according to weight. mounted organic
vapor canister or any appropriate escape-type
Notes to Physician:
It is estimated that the lethal oral dose to adults is of the order of self-contained breathing apparatus.
1.0 ml/kg. Ethylene glycol is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenate Skin Protection: Protective gloves recommended
to various metabolites including glyceraldehydes, glycolic acid and when prolonged skin contact cannot be avoided.
oxalic acid which cause an elevated anion-gap metabolic acidosis Polyethylene;
and renal tubular injury. The signs and symptoms in ethylene glycol Neoprene; Nitrile; Polyvinyl alcohol; Natural
poisoning are those of metabolic acidosis, CNS depression, and Rubber, Butyl Rubber. Safety shower should be
kidney injury. Urinalysis may show albuminuria, hematuria and available.
oxaluria. Clinical chemistry may reveal anion-gap metabolic Eye Protection: Safety goggles and face shield.
acidosis and uremia. The currently recommended medical Emergency eyewash should be available. Contact
management of ethylene glycol poisoning includes elimination of lenses should
ethylene glycol and metabolites, correction of metabolic acidosis not be worn when working with this chemical.
and prevention of kidney injury. It is essential to have immediate Engineering Controls: Use general or local
and follow up urinalysis and clinical chemistry. There should be exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements.
particular emphasis on acid-base balance and renal function tests. EXPOSURE LIMITS
A continuous infusion of 5% sodium bicarbonate with frequent Component Exposure Limits Skin
monitoring of electrolytes and fluid balance is used to achieve Form
correction of metabolic acidosis and forced diuresis. As a Ethylene 100 mg/m3 Aerosol
competitive substrate for alcohol dehydrogenase, ethanol is glycol CEILING ACGIH
antidotal. Given in the early stages of intoxication, it blocks the Ethylene 125 mg/m3
formulation of nephrotoxic metabolites. A therapeutically effective glycol CEILING OSHA-
blood concentration of ethanol is in the range 100-150 mg/dl, vacated
and should be achieved by a rapid loading dose and maintained by 50 ppm CEILING
intravenous infusion. For severe and/or deteriorating cases, OSHA ?vacated Aerosol
hemodialysis may be required. Dialysis should be considered for 100 mg/m3 and
patients who are symptomatic, have severe metabolic acidosis, a CEILING UCC Vapor
blood ethylene glycol concentration greater than 25 md/dl, or Diethylene 50 ppm TWA8 AIHA Aerosol
compromise of renal functions. A more effective intravenous glycol WEEL and
antidote for physician use is 4-methylpyrazole, a potent inhibitor of Vapor
alcohol dehydrogenases, which effectively blocks the formation of Diethylene 10 mg/m3 TWA8 Aerosol
toxic metabolites of ethylene glycol. It has been used to decrease glycol AIHA WEEL
the metabolic consequences of ethylene glycol poisoning before In the Exposure Limits Chart above, if there is no
metabolic acidosis coma, seizures, and renal failure have occurred. specific qualifier (i.e., Aerosol) listed in the Form
A generally recommended protocol is a loading dose of 15 mg/kg Column for a particular limit, the listed limit
followed by 10 mg/kg every 12 hours for 4 doses and then 15 includes all airborne forms of the substance that
mg/kg every 12 hours until ethylene glycol concentrations are below can be inhaled.
20 mg/100 ml. Slow intravenous infusion is required. Since 4- A "blank" in the Skin column indicates that
methyplyrozole is dialyzable, increased dosage may be necessary exposure by the cutaneous (skin) route is not a
during hemodialysis. Additional therapeutic measures may include potential significant contributor to overall
the administration of cofactors involved in the metabolism of exposure.
ethylene glycol. Thiamine (100 mg) and pyridoxine (50 mg) should
be given every six hours. Pulmonary edema with hypoxemia has
been described in a number of patients following poisoning with
ethylene glycol. The mechanism of production has not been
elucidated, but it appears to be non-cardiogenic in origin in several
cases. Respiratory support with mechanical ventilation and positive
end expiratory pressure may be required. There may be cranial
nerve involvement in the late stages of toxicity from swallowed
ethylene glycol. In particular, effects have been reported involving
the seventh, eighth and ninth cranial nerves, presenting with
bilateral facial paralysis, diminished hearing and dysphasia.
Page 3 of 8
Fire and Explosion Hazards
Extinguishing Media Special Fire Fighting Procedures Unusual Fire and Explosion
Hazards
Water fog or fine spray. Hazardous Combustion Products:
Flammable Properties
Alcohol resistant foams (ATC Flash Point: 119癈 (247癋) Hazardous combustion products may
type) are preferred if available. Method Used: Setaflash include and are not limited to carbon
General purpose synthetic Autoignition Temperature: Autoignition monoxide, carbon dioxide and trace
foams (including AFFF) or temperature for ethylene glycol is 398癈 amounts of aldehydes and organic acids.
protein foams may function, (748癋). When available oxygen is limited, as
but much less effectively. Flammability Limits - % of vapor in a fire or when heated to very high
Carbon dioxide. Dry chemical. concentration at which product can ignite temperatures by a hot wire or plate,
Do not use direct water in presence of spark. carbon monoxide and other hazardous
stream. May spread fire. Lower Flammability Limit: 3.2% compounds such as aldehydes might be
Upper Flammability Limit: 15.3% generated.
Fire Fighting Instructions: No fire and
explosion hazards expected under normal
storage and handling conditions
(i.e. ambient temperatures). However,
ethylene glycol or solutions of ethylene
glycol and water can form flammable
vapors with air if heated sufficiently. Keep
people away. Isolate fire area and deny
unnecessary entry.
Protective Equipment for Fire Fighters:
Wear positive-pressure, self-contained
breathing apparatus (SCBA) and
protective fire fighting clothing (includes
fire-fighting helmet, coat, pants, boots and
gloves).
Handling and Storage
Accidental Release /Spill Measures to Take Precautions for Storage Handling
Protect People: Material is moderately toxic when Store away from heat or open flame. Use normal precautions
ingested. Take adequate precautions to keep Product on surfaces can cause in handling any
people, especially children away from spill site. slippery conditions. Practice combustible liquid. Keep
PVC-coated rubber gloves and monogoggles or reasonable container closed when
face shield can be used during cleanup of spill site. care and cleanliness. Avoid breathing not in use.
Product on surfaces can cause slippery conditions. spray mists if generated. Keep out of
Practice reasonable care and cleanliness. Avoid reach of children. Product may
breathing spray mists if generated. Keep out of become a solid at temperatures below
reach of children. Product may become a solid at -18oC (0oF). Do not store near food,
temperatures below -18oC (0oF). Do not store near foodstuffs, drugs or potable water
food, foodstuffs, drugs or potable water supplies. supplies.
Protect the Environment: Do not dump used
product or diluted material into sewers, on the
ground, or into any body of water.
Cleanup: Small spills: Soak up with absorbent
material. Large spills: Dike and pump into suitable
containers for disposal. Ensure compliance with all
applicable statues that require notification of
appropriate government officials. Eliminate all
sources of ignition in vicinity of the spilled or
released fluid
Page 4 of 8
Disposal/Transportation
Disposal Method Transportation
DO NOT discharge to sewer. Wear U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
appropriate personal protection. Take up Non-Bulk
with sand, vermiculite, or similar Not regulated by the US D.O.T. (in quantities under 5,000 lbs in any one
inert material. Dispose in accordance with inner package) Bulk
federal, state and local regulations. Proper Shipping Name: Environmentally Hazardous Substance, LIQUID
N.O.S. (ETHYLENE GLYCOL)
Technical Name: ETHYLENE GLYCOL
ID Number: UN 3082
Hazard Class: 9
Packing Group: PG III
Reportable Quantity: 5,000 lb.
IATA
Non-Bulk
Not Regulated by IATA
IMDG
Non-Bulk
Not regulated by IMDG (in quantities under 5,000 lbs in any one inner
package)
Regulations
THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS COMPONENT(S) CITED ON THE FOLLOWING REGULATIONS.
Chemical Name Cas Number
Ethylene Glycol 107-21-1
United States - TSCA
Inventory: Listed
Water Standards: No data available
Atmospheric Standards: Clean Air Act (1990) - List of Hazardous Air Contaminants: listed
CERCLA: Reportable Quantity (RQ): 5,000 pounds (532 gallons)
OSHA Hazard Communication
Standard: This product is a "hazardous chemical" as defined by the OSHA Hazard
Communication Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200.
SARA Title III: Section 311/312 - Categories: Acute hazard; chronic hazard
Section 312 - Inventory Reporting: Ethylene glycol is subject to Tier I and/or
Tier II annual inventory reporting.
Section 313 - Emission Reporting: Ethylene glycol is subject to Form R
reporting requirements.
Section 302 - Extremely Hazardous Substances: Ethylene glycol is not listed. State Right-To-Know:
California - Exposure Limits - Ceilings: vapor-50 ppm ceiling; 125 mg/m3 ceiling
Director's List of Hazardous Substances: listed
Florida - Hazardous Substances List: listed
Massachusetts - Right-to-Know List: listed
Minnesota - Haz. Subs. List: listed (particulate and vapor)
New Jersey - Right-to-Know List (Total): Present greater than 1.0%
Pennsylvania Right-to-Know List: environmental hazard
Canadian Regulations: This product has been classified in accordance with the hazard criteria of the Controlled
Products Regulations (CPR) and the MSDS contains all the information required.
WHMIS Information: D2A - material has potential toxic effects. Refer elsewhere in the MSDS for specific
warnings and safe handling information. Refer to the employer's workplace education program.
California Proposition 65 (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986): The normal consumer
use of this product does not result in exposure to chemicals known to the state of California to cause Cancer and/or
reproductive harm above the significant risk level for carcinogens or the maximum allowable dose levels for
reproductive toxins. Warnings are not required for consumer packaging. However, industrial or other occupational
use of this product at higher frequency and using larger quantities of this product may result in exposures exceeding
these levels and are labeled accordingly.
California SCAQMD Rule 443.1 (South Coast Air Quality Management District Rule 443.1, Labeling of
Materials Containing Organic Solvents):
VOC: Vapor pressure 0.06 mmHg at 20癈
1113.38 g/l
Page 5 of 8
Toxicology Information
Lowest Known LD50 (Oral) 107-21-1 5840 mg/kg (Rats)
Lowest Known LD50 (Skin) 107-21-1 9530 mg/kg (Rabbits)
Skin: The dermal LD50 has not been determined.
Ingestion: The lethal dose in humans is estimated to be 100 ml (3 ozs.). The oral LD50 for rats is in the 6000-13,000-
mg/kg range.
Mutagenicity (The Effects on Genetic Material): In vitro mutagenicity studies were negative. Animal mutagenicity
studies were negative.
Significant Data with Possible Relevance to Humans: Ethylene glycol has been shown to produce dose-related
teratogenic effects in rats and mice when given by gavage or in drinking water at high concentrations or doses. The no-
effect doses for developmental toxicity for ethylene glycol given by gavage over the period of organogenesis has been
shown to be 150 mg/kg/day for the mouse and 500 mg/kg/day for the rat. Also, in a preliminary study to assess the
effects of exposure of pregnant rats and made to aerosis at concentrations of 150, 1000 and 25000 mg/m3 for 6
hours a day throughout the period of organogenesis, teratogenic effects were produced at the highest concentration,
but only in mice. The conditions of these latter experiments did not allow a conclusion as to whether the developmental
toxicity was mediated by inhalation of aerosol percutaneous absorption of ethylene glycol from contaminated skin, or
swallowing ethylene glycol as a result of grooming the wetted coat. In a further study, comparing effects from high
aerosol concentration by whole-body or nose-only exposure, it was shown that noseonly exposure resulted in maternal
toxicity (1000 and 25000 mg/m3) and developmental toxicity with minimal evidence of teratogenicity (2500 mg/m3). The
no-effects concentration (based on maternal toxicity) was 500 mg/m3. In a further study in mice, no teratogenic effects
could be produced when ethylene glycol was applied to skin of pregnant mice over the period of organogenesis. The
above observations suggest that ethylene glycol is to be regarded as an animal teratogen. There is currently no available
information to suggest that ethylene glycol has caused birth defects in humans. Cutaneous application of ethylene glycol
is ineffective in producing developmental toxicity. Exposure to high aerosol concentrations is only minimally effective in
producing developmental toxicity. The major route for producing developmental toxicity is perorally. Two chronic feeding
studies, using rats and mice, have not produced any evidence that ethylene glycol causes dose-related increases in
tumor incidence or a different pattern of tumors compared with untreated controls. The absence of carcinogenic potential
for ethylene glycol has been supported by numerous in vitro genotoxicity studies showing that it does not produce
mutagenic or clastogenic effects. A chronic dietary feeding study of diethylene glycol with rats showed mild kidney injury
at 1%, while concentrations of 2% and 4% caused more marked kidney injury. In addition, at 2% and 4% of diethylene
glycol in the diet, some rats developed benign papillary tumors in the urinary bladder. These have been attributed to the
presence of urinary bladder calcium oxalate stones. No evidence for carcinogenicity was found with a chronic
skinpainting study with diethylene glycol in mice. The absence of a direct chemical carcinogenic effect addords with
the results in vitro genotoxicity studies that show that it does not produce mutagenic or clastogenic effects. A feeding
study employing up to 5.0% diethylene glycol in the diet failed to produce any teratogenic effects. In a mouse continuous
breeding study with large doses of diethylene glycol in drinking water, there was evidence for reproductive toxicity at
3.5% (equivalent to 6.1 g/kg/day) as reduced number of litter, live pups per litter and live pup weight. No such effects
were seen at 1.75% (approximately 3.05 g/kg/day). The relevance of these very high dosages to human health is
uncertain. Pregnant rats receiving undiluted diethylene glycol by gavage over the period of organogenesis had toxic
effects at 4.0 and 8.0 ml/kg/day as mortality, decreased body weight, decreased food consumption increased water
consumption and increased liver and kidney weights. Fetotoxicity was seen only at these maternally toxic dosages.
Decreased fetal body weight occurred at 8.0 ml/kg/day, and increased skeletal variants at 4.0 and 8.0 ml/kg/day. No
embryotixic or teratogenic effects were seen. Neither maternal toxicity nor fetotoxicity occurred at 1.0 ml/kg/day. In a
study with mice also receiving undiluted diethylene glycol over the period of organogenesis, maternal toxicity occurred at
2.5 and 10.0 ml/kg/day, but not at 0.5 ml/kg/day. Definitive developmental toxicity was not seen in this species.
ACUTE TOXICITY
Peroral: The lethal dose in humans is estimated to be 3 oz. or 100 ml.
Rat: LD50 (6000 ?13000) mg/kg
Percutaneous:
Rabbit: LD50 = >22270 mg/kg; 24 h occluded
Inhalation:
Rat: 8-hour exposure, substantially saturated vapor studies, dynamic generation method
Mortality: 0/6
Inhalation: Mist/vapor study, rat, at 170癈, 8-hour exposure = 2.2 mg/l
Mortality: 0/6
Inhalation:
Rat: 8-hour exposure, fog = 10000 ppm; 65?- 70癈
Mortality: 0/6 IRRITATION
Skin:
Rabbit: 24-hour occluded contact, 0.5 ml
Page 6 of 8
Results: Minor erythema and edema
Skin:
Human: Primary irritation patch test, 48-hour occluded, 0.2 ml
Results: Evidence of irritation
Eye:
Rabbit: 0.1 ml
Results: Minor transient iritis, conjunctival irritation with discharge
REPEATED EXPOSURE
In a 7-day dietary study with rats, a significant increase in kidney weights in females was observed at 5.0 gm/kg.
The NOEL was 2.5 gm/kg. In a 24-month dietary study with rats, increased mortality in males was observed at the
highest dose, 1.0 gm/kg/day. There were multiple signs: mineralization of several organs, including the cardiac vessels,
cardiac muscle, vas deferens, stomach and pulmonary vessels; cellular hyperplasia of the parathyroids, hemosiderosis
of the spleen, myocardial fibrosis, portal fibrosis of the liver, bile duct hyperplasia and hydronephrosis and oxylate
nephrosis of the kidneys. Ethylene glycol was not oncogenic. In a 90-day dietary study with dogs, repeated exposures to
2.5 gm/kg resulted in acute renal failure and deaths. The NOAEL was 1.0 gm/kg.
SENSITIZATION (ANIMAL AND HUMAN STUDIES)
Repeated skin contact with ethylene glycol may, in a very small proportion of cases, cause sensitization with the
development of allergic contact dermatitis. The incidence is significantly less than 1% with the undiluted material.
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY
A three-generation study indicated that ethylene glycol did not affect reproductive parameters at dietary
concentrations up to 1.0 gm/kg/day in any generation.
CHRONIC TOXICITY AND CARCINOGENICITY
Two chronic feeding studies, using rats and mice, have not produced any evidence that ethylene glycol causes dose
related increases in tumor incidence or a different pattern of tumors compared with untreated controls. The absence
of a carcinogenic potential for ethylene glycol has been supported by numerous in vitro genotoxicity studies showing that
it does not produce mutagenic or clastogenic effects.
GENETIC TOXICOLOGY
In Vitro: Ethylene glycol was devoid of genotoxic activity in an Ames test, forward gene mutation and sister chromatid
exchange (SCE) studies in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells and an in vitro cytogenetics study.
In Vivo: Ethylene glycol by three different routes (intravenous, peroral and percutaneous) demonstrates apparent
first-order pharmacokinetic behavior for the disposition in and the elimination from the plasma. Dose-dependent
changes occur for the elimination of metabolites in the urine and as 14CO2 after single doses for the intravenous and
peroral, but not the percutaneous route. The hypothesis from literature sources exists that developmental toxicity is
caused by a metabolite of ethylene glycol, called glycolic acid, and not parent ethylene glycol. Under most conditions of
ethylene glycol exposure, the glycolic acid metabolite is present in the blood in very low levels. However, it can become
the major metabolite following large doses of ethylene glycol due to saturation of glycolic acid oxidation and/or
elimination. When levels of this acidic metabolite exceed the capacity of maternal blood buffers to neutralize it, a
maternal metabolic acidosis ensues, which has been hypothesized to be the true agent responsible for ethylene glycol
induced developmental toxicity. Research suggests that ethylene glycol developmental toxicity is due to a dose-rate
dependent toxicokinetic shift leading to glycolate accumulation and metabolic acidosis.
ADDITIONAL STUDIES
Ethylene glycol has been shown to produce dose-related teratogenic effects in rats and mice when given by gavage
or in drinking water at high concentrations or doses. The no-effect doses for developmental toxicity for ethylene
glycol given by gavage over the period of organogenesis has been shown to be 150 mg/kg/day for the mouse and
500 mg/kg/day for the rat. Also, in a preliminary study to assess the effects of exposure of pregnant rats and mice
to aerosols at concentrations of 150, 1000 and 2500 mg/m3 for 6 hours a day throughout the period of
organogenesis, teratogenic effects were produced at the highest concentration, but only in mice. The conditions of
these latter experiments did not allow a conclusion as to whether the developmental toxicity was mediated by
inhalation of aerosol, percutaneous absorption of ethylene glycol from contaminated skin, or swallowing of ethylene
glycol as a result of grooming the wetted coat. In a further study, comparing effects from high aerosol
concentration by whole-body or nose-only exposure, it was shown that nose-only exposure resulted in maternal
toxicity (1000 and 2500 mg/m3) and developmental toxicity with minimal evidence of teratogenicity (2500 mg/m3).
The no-effects concentration (based on maternal toxicity) was 500 mg/m3. In a further study in mice, no
teratogenic effects could be produced when ethylene glycol was applied to the skin of pregnant mice over the period
of organogenesis. The above observations suggest that ethylene glycol is to be regarded as an animal teratogen.
There is currently no available information to suggest that ethylene glycol has caused birth defects in humans.
Cutaneous application of ethylene glycol is ineffective in producing developmental toxicity. Exposure to high
aerosol concentrations is only minimally effective in producing developmental toxicity.
Page 7 of 8
Ecological Information
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Movement & Partitioning: Bioconcentration potential is low (BCF less than 100 or Log Kow less than 3). Log
octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow) is -1.36. Henry's Law Constant (H) is 6.0E-08 atm-m3/mol.
Bioconcentration factor (BCF) is 10 in golden orfe.
Degradation & Transformation: Biodegradation under aerobic static laboratory conditions is high (BOD20 or
BOD28/ThOD greater than 40%). 5-Day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) is 0.78 p/p. 10-Day biochemical
oxygen demand (BOD10) is 1.06 p/p. 20-Day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD20) is 1.15 p/p. Theoretical
oxygen demand (THOD) is calculated to be 1.29 p/p. Biodegradation may occur under both aerobic and anaerobic
conditions (in either the presence or absence of oxygen). Inhibitory concentration (IC50) in OECD "Activated
Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test" (Guideline # 209) is < 1000 mg/L. Degradation is expected in the atmospheric
environment within days to weeks. Ecotoxicology: Material is practically non-toxic to aquatic organisms on an acute
basis (LC50 greater than 100 mg/L in most sensitive species). Acute LC50 for fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) is
51000 mg/L. Acute LC50 for bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) is 27549 mg/L. Acute LC50 for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) is about 18000-46000 mg/L. Acute LC50 for guppy (Poecilia reticulata) is 49300 mg/L. Acute LC50 for water flea
(Daphnia magna) is 46300-51100 mg/L. Acute LC50 for the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia is 10000-25800 mg/L.
Acute LC50 for crayfish is 91430 mg/L. Acute LC50 for brine shrimp (Artemia salina) is 20000 mg/L. Acute LC50 for
golden orfe (Leuciscus idus) is greater than 10000 mg/L. Acute LC50 for goldfish (Carassius auratus) is greater than
5000 mg/L. Growth inhibition EC50 for green alga Selenastrum capricornutum is 9500-13000 mg/L.
BOD (% Oxygen Consumption):
Day 5 Day 10 Day 15 Day 20 Day 30
51% 80% 97%
ECOTOXICITY
Toxicity to Micro-organisms:
Bacterial / NA: 16 h; IC50
Result Value: >10000 mg/l
Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates:
Daphnia: 48 h; LC50
Result Value: >100000 mg/l
Toxicity to Fish
Fathead Minnow: 94 h; LC50
Result Value: 70000 mg/l
FURTHER INFORMATION
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) ?Measured: 1.29 mg/mg
Theoretical Oxygen Demand (THOD) ?Calculated: 1.30 mg/mg
Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient ?Measured: -1.36
Page 8 of 8
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