STOP
JANITORIAL
WORKBOOK
CAUTION
Prepared by
Enviros RIS
GO November 2002
GREEN
Table of Contents
Appendices................................................................................... 1
1.0 Janitorial Workbook............................................................. 1
1.1 Background ...................................................................................................................1
2.0 Janitorial Services - Industrial and Commercial Cleaners..... 2
2.1 Is There a Problem? ....................................................................................................2
2.2 Why Are Some Cleaners Dangerous?......................................................................3
2.3 What is Happening in North America?......................................................................5
3.0 Evaluating Cleaning Products............................................... 7
3.1 Collecting Relevant Information .................................................................................7
3.2 Identifying Hazardous Ingredients of Concern ........................................................8
3.3 Evaluating Your Options ...........................................................................................11
3.4 Finding Alternative Products That Work .................................................................12
3.5 Testing Alternative Products.....................................................................................15
3.6 Making the Project a Success ..................................................................................17
Appendices
Appendix A Janitorial Products Pollution Prevention Program
Appendix B Criteria Required by Government Agencies to Certify Cleaning
Products as Environmentally Friendly
Appendix C Toronto Sewer Use By-law Review
Appendix D Toxic Lists
Appendix E Janitorial Product Evaluation Worksheets
Appendix F Approved Janitorial Cleaners
Promoting the Use of Alternative Products & Processes: Janitorial Workbook
1.0 Janitorial Workbook
PWGSC has prepared a series of
1.1 Background Departmental Policys promoting best
management practices and legislative
In 1997, PWGSC tabled the first Sustainable compliance relating to hazardous materials
Development Strategy (SDS) in the House of including:
Commons as part of the Federal Government's
mandate to promote environmental stewardship Departmental Policy 032: Materiel
within all federal government ministries, Management Environmental Practices
departments and facilities. (1996) ?sets out roles, responsibilities
and approaches for managing material
The Sustainable Development Strategy resulted (including hazardous products) in a manner
in the development of a series of Departmental that supports government environmental
Policys governing environmentally responsible objectives, legislation and policies (this
operations and activities throughout PWGSC. document is currently being updated). A
The preparation of Departmental Policy 074: copy can be found at
PWGSC Environmental Policy (1999) mandated http://source.pwgsc.gc.ca/policy/d032-
that PWGSC operations and activities shall meet e.html.
the following goals:
Departmental Policy 037: Workplace
? To apply environmentally responsible Hazardous Materials Information
management practices to hazardous System (WHMIS) Policy (1996)?br>
substances used in operations, specifically requires all PWGSC employees to comply
with regard to the acquisition, handling, with WHMIS legislation and standards
storage, safety in use, transportation and including implementing appropriate health
disposal of such substances, respecting all and safety training and educational
applicable laws, codes and regulations; programs for employees and forming
? To promote the integration of environmental appropriate health and safety committees.
considerations into departmental purchasing A copy can be found at
policies and practices; http://source.pwgsc.gc.ca/policy/d037-
e.html.
? To assist client departments in the
procurement of environmentally friendly
Departmental Policy 074: PWGSC
products;
Environmental Policy (1999) ?br>
? To adopt cost-effective approaches to
formalizes PWGSC's commitment to protect
preventing pollution and waste.
the environment and incorporate
environmentally responsible principles and
To help meet these mandates, PWGSC prepared practices in all operations and activities by
a protocol to assist employees involved with establishing policies, roles and
hazardous materials to identify cost-effective responsibilities and guidelines. A copy can
opportunities to implement alterative products be found at
and processes, titled, Protocol to Promote http://source.pwgsc.gc.ca/policy/d074-
the Use of Alternative Hazardous Materials e.html.
and/or Processes for PWGSC (April 2002).
The Protocol offers strategies to evaluate
hazardous materials in use throughout PWGSC
relevant and useful information through hands-
facilities and explore opportunities to eliminate
on experience, which resulted in the
or substitute the hazardous materials for benign
development and field testing of the Janitorial
alternatives. With the completion of the
Workbook.
Protocol, the opportunity arose to apply the
strategies in a real situation and develop more
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Promoting the Use of Alternative Products & Processes: Janitorial Workbook
2.0 Janitorial Services - The Canadian Centre for Occupational Health
Industrial and and Saftety CCOHS) has developed a section
on its web site dealing with health and safety
Commercial Cleaners hazards of workplace chemicals including a
glossary of terms and finding information
2.1 Is There a Problem? about chemical products (MSDS s - material
safety data sheets) and how to understand
MSDSs. The information can be obtained at:
Industrial and commercial cleaners may range in
http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/chemicals.
toxicity from very low toxicity to extreme
html
toxicity. Janitorial staff and office employees
may be exposed to aspects of the toxicity from
skin and eye irritation to respiratory ailments.
The following section provides definitions of
these key terms to better understand their
According to Green Seal (September-October
health and environmental significance.
1999) there are over 70,000 chemicals in use
today of which only 2% (1,400) have been
Toxic, Toxicity
thoroughly tested for their effects on human and
Toxic means able to cause harmful health
aquatic life. But interest is growing in the
effects. Toxicity is the ability of a substance to
impacts of chemical use and exposure to human
cause harmful health effects. Descriptions of
health and the environment. Information about
toxicity (e.g. low, moderate, severe, etc.)
chemicals is increasing, for example,
depend on the amount needed to cause an
the US-based Environmental Defense has
effect or the severity of the effect.
developed the chemical Scorecard (and its
Canadian sister Scorecard - PollutionWatch),
Biodegradability
which lists over 6,860 chemicals that are
Characteristic of a substance that can be broken
produced in large volumes in the U.S./Canada,
down by microorganisms (living organisms) into
chemicals that are covered by major federal
inorganic compounds.
(NPRI in Canada) regulatory programs, and
chemicals that have been subject to either
toxicity evaluations or exposure monitoring. pH
The pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity
All manufacturers are required to provide MSDS (alkalinity) of a material when dissolved in
for their products that contain hazardous water. It is expressed on a scale from 0 to 14.
ingredients. Manufacturers are required to list pH can be divided into the following ranges:
hazardous chemicals that make up 1% or more pH 0 - 2 Strongly acidic
of the product and carcinogens that make up pH 3 - 5 Weakly acidic
pH 6 - 8 Neutral
0.1% or more of the product.
pH 9 - 11 Weakly basic
Key factors that need to be considered when pH 12 - 14 Strongly basic
assessing the environmental preference of a
cleaner include: Corrosivity
A corrosive product can burn your skin and eyes
? Toxicity ?(i.e. harmful additives, and if swallowed can damage your throat and
disinfectants) stomach. Under the Canadian Controlled
? Biodegradability ?rate at which the Products Regulations, materials with pH values
chemical breaks down in the of 0-2 or 11.5-14 may be classified corrosive.
environment/water
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)
? Corrosivity ?pH level of the product (neutral
is 7) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC's) are organic
? VOC ?volatile organic compounds which are chemicals that have a high vapor pressure and
the largest contributors to indoor air easily form vapors at normal temperature and
pollution also called off-gassing pressure.
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Promoting the Use of Alternative Products & Processes: Janitorial Workbook
?br>
The term is generally applied to organic Baseboard stripper (i.e. butoxyethanol,
solvents, certain paint additives, aerosol spray sodium hydroxide & ethanolamine);
can propellants, fuels (such as gasoline, and ? Graffiti remover (i.e. methylene chloride,
kerosene), petroleum distillates, dry cleaning toluene);
products and many other industrial and
? Glass cleaner (i.e. isopropyl alcohol;
consumer products including cleaning products.
butoxylethanol);
? Disinfectant (i.e. bleach, phenol, hydrogen
The list of VOCs found in industrial
peroxide).
cleaners is extensive. The partial list
includes:
Many of the ingredients listed in the products
CAS #
are known to cause health problems and
ISOBUTANE 75-28-5 environmental damage. Table 1.0 identifies the
BUTOXYETHANOL 111-76-2 hazardous risks associated with improper use of
TRICHLOROETHYLENE 79-01-6 these ingredients as described in The
1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE 71-55-6 Environmental Defense Fund's Scorecard -
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONO-N-BUTYL ETHER http://www.scorecard.org/chemical-profiles/.
112-34-5
TETRACHLOROETHYLENE 127-18-4 The Janitorial Products Pollution Prevention
ISOBUTYL ALCOHOL 78-83-1 Project (JP4) also provides lists of ingredients
STYRENE 100-42-5 found in cleaning products that should be
PROPYLENE GLYCOL 57-55-6 avoided, or used with extreme care. The JP4
N-BUTYL ALCOHOL 71-36-3 has developed tables (see Appendix A) of
ETHANOL 64-17-5 janitorial products with ingredients to avoid and
BENZENE 71-43-2 the health effect from use. Most of these
ISOBUTYLENE 115-11-7 ingredients are listed in Environment Canada's
FORMALDEHYDE 50-00-0 National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) and
BENZYL ALCOHOL 100-51-6 a few are listed in the Toxic Substance
TOLUENE 108-88-3 Management Policy (a brief description is
provided below, with further discussion provided
in Section 2.1).
2.2 Why Are Some Cleaners
Dangerous? The Canadian National Pollutant Release
Inventory (NPRI) is a mandatory reporting
program introduced in 1993 by Environment
The Janitorial Products Pollution Prevention
Canada. Reporting to the NPRI is a legal
Project (JP4), which is a collaboration among
obligation under the Canadian Environmental
select California cities, California's Department of
Protection Act (CEPA). The NPRI program
Toxic Substance Control and the US EPA, lists
provides publicly accessible data on the release
nine janitorial product categories, which have
of certain substances to air, land, and water,
been found to result in the highest risk to users
which are chosen from selected lists of
because they are corrosive to eyes and skin,
substances of concern (compiled by
flammable, give off toxic fumes and poisonous.
Environment Canada using scientific toxicity
criteria and environmental impacts.
The nine product categories are:
? Acid toilet bowl cleaner (i.e. hydrochloric
The Toxic Substances Management Policy, under
acid/hydrogen chloride);
the CEPA, outlines a risk management process
? Carpet spotter (i.e. perchlorethylene); based on two key objectives: virtual elimination
? General purpose cleaner (i.e. butoxyethanol, from the environment of toxic substances that
sodium hydroxide & ethanolamine); are persistent, bioaccumulative (Track 1); and
life-cycle management of other toxic substances
? Floor finish stripper (i.e. butoxyethanol,
of concern to prevent or minimize their release
sodium hydroxide, formaldehyde,
into the environment (Track 2).
ethanolamine);
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Promoting the Use of Alternative Products & Processes: Janitorial Workbook
Table 1.0
Health and Hazard Ranking on Common Ingredients Found in Janitorial Cleaners
(source of the information is the US Environmental Defense Fund's Scorecard)
Chemical Ingredient Health Rankings Hazard Rankings
From Scorecard From Scorecard
Hydrochloric acid Recognized: --- Ranked as one of the most
Suspected: hazardous compounds (worst
Used in - toilet bowl cleaner Gastrointestinal or Liver Toxicity 10%) to ecosystems and human
Property ?acid, corrosive Respiratory Toxicant health.
Skin or Sense Organ Toxicant
Butoxyelthanol Recognized: -- Data lacking; not ranked by any
Suspected: system in Scorecard.
Used in - general purpose cleaner, Cardiovascular or Blood Toxicity
floor finish stripper, baseboard Developmental Toxicant
stripper, glass cleaner Endrocrine Toxicant, Kidney Toxicant
Property ?solvent, flammable Neurotoxicant
Gastrointestinal or Liver Toxicity
Respiratory Toxicant
Skin or Sense Organ Toxicant
Perchloroethylene Recognized: carcinogen Ranked as one of the most
Suspected: hazardous compounds (worst
Used in carpet spot cleaner, metal Cardiovascular or Blood Toxicity 10%) to ecosystems.
cleaner, graffiti remover Developmental Toxicant
Property ?solvent, flammable Kidney Toxicant
Neurotoxicant
Gastrointestinal or Liver Toxicity
Respiratory Toxicant
Skin or Sense Organ Toxicant
Phenol Recognized: -- More hazardous than most
Suspected: chemicals in 5 out of 10 ranking
Used in ?disinfectants, pesticides Cardiovascular or Blood Toxicity systems.
Property ?flammable Developmental Toxicant Listed as a mutagen (causing
Endrocrine Toxicant, Kidney Toxicant genetic changes)
Neurotoxicant
Gastrointestinal or Liver Toxicity
Respiratory Toxicant
Skin or Sense Organ Toxicant
Isopropyl Alcohol Recognized: -- More hazardous than most
Suspected: chemicals in 1 out of 8 ranking
Used in ?glass cleaner Cardiovascular or Blood Toxicity systems.
Property ?solvent, flammable Developmental Toxicant
Kidney Toxicant
Neurotoxicant
Gastrointestinal or Liver Toxicity
Respiratory Toxicant
Skin or Sense Organ Toxicant
Formalehyde Recognized: carcinogen More hazardous than most
Suspected: chemicals in 6 out of 12 ranking
Used in - floor finish stripper, Cardiovascular or Blood Toxicity systems.
baseboard stripper Immunotoxicant, Neurotoxicant Ranked as one of the most
Property- Solvent, flammable Reproductive Toxicant hazardous compounds (worst
Respiratory Toxicant 10%) to ecosystems and human
Skin or Sense Organ Toxicant health.
Ethanolamine Recognized: -- More hazardous than most
Suspected: chemicals in 1 out of 3 ranking
Used in - floor finish stripper, Neurotoxicant systems.
baseboard stripper Respiratory Toxicant
Property- Solvent, flammable Skin or Sense Organ Toxicant
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Promoting the Use of Alternative Products & Processes: Janitorial Workbook
A carcinogen is a substance that causes cancer A New Green Procurement Directory
(or is believed to cause cancer). from PWGSC
A teratogen is an agent that can cause Procara is a national directory of
malformations of an embryo or fetus. This can environmentally responsible products and
be a chemical substance, a virus or ionizing services being developed for PWGSC and
radiation. users from other departments and levels of
government. This directory lists Canadian
A mutagen is a substance or agent that causes vendors of environmentally responsible
an increase in the rate of change in genes products, including janitorial cleaners and
(subsections of the DNA of the body's cells). identifies whether the product has received
These mutations (changes) can be passed along Environmental Choice certification or
as the cell reproduces, sometimes leading to another (i.e. Green Seal). For further
defective cells or cancer. information go to the web site at
http://www.procara.ca
In essence, some ingredients in cleaning
products can be, at worse, carcinogenic (causing
? Kings County, Washington;
cancer due to exposure) or potentially
? The State of Minnesota;
dangerous (i.e. causing short-term and/or long-
? The State of Massachusetts;
term health and environmental impacts).
? Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
Some of the suspected impacts identified in
Government-supported agencies also have
Table 1.0 means that exposure to the chemical
developed standards for cleaning products
can produce adverse effects on the identified
and/or certification programs including:
human organ or system. The appearance and
severity of the potential adverse effects depends
? Canada's Environmental Choice Program;
on interaction of a number of factors such as
? United States' Green Seal Program;
length of time exposed, level of exposure,
? United States' General Service
toxicity of the chemical, preventative actions
Administration Environmental Products and
taken (i.e. protective clothing), ventilation.
Services Guide.
2.3 What is Happening in North New directions have been taken in developing
environmental specifications/criteria for janitorial
America?
products, which require suppliers to meet
stringent specifications to be eligible for product
Increasingly, federal, state, provincial and
certification or to be listed on the government
municipal agencies have begun to target
list of qualified bidders. In these situations,
janitorial products as part of the move toward
cleaning products must meet some, many or all
green procurement. Most of the alternative
of the following criteria:
janitorial work has been undertaken by
jurisdictions in the United States (with a few ? Contains VOC levels under 10% by weight
exceptions, such as Richmond, B.C., most when diluted for use;
Canadian jurisdictions have focused on the
? Has pH levels between 2.5 ?12 pH;
overall green procurement issue). The following
jurisdictions have prepared tender documents ? Is readily biodegradable and does not
stipulating that vendors meet strict criteria to contain the following additives that slow
ensure that industrial and commercial cleaners down the biodegradable process and may
are environmentally acceptable: be possibly carcinogenic:
? ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
? The City of Richmond, British Columbia; (EDTA) or
? The City of Santa Monica, California;
? nitrilotriacetic acid (NTS)
? The City of Seattle, Washington;
? alkyl phenol ethoxylates (APE);
5
Promoting the Use of Alternative Products & Processes: Janitorial Workbook
? Does not contain petroleum or Toronto's Sewer Use By-law Sets New
petrochemical compounds which may cause
Standards for Sewer Discharges.
harm to the environment and humans;
? Does not contain chlorine bleach (sodium In the year 2000, the City of Toronto adopted a
hypochlorite) which can cause eye or skin new by-law, which places strict requirements
damage and is harmful to the environment; on IC&I effluents discharged into Toronto's
municipal sewer system. The Toronto Sewer
? Does not contain phenolic compounds
Use By-law (Chapter 681 of Toronto's Municipal
(germicides) which are toxic;
Code) is considered one of the most stringent
? Does not contain disinfectants which are sewer use by-laws in North America targeting
toxic; industry, commercial and institutional (IC&I)
users.
? Does not contain glycol ethers (i.e. ethylene
glycol and butoxy ethanol) which are toxic;
For the first time in North America, a
? Does not contain phosphates or heavy municipality introduced surfactants to the list of
metals. restricted sewer discharges. The specific
pollutants of interest include:
In addition, most agencies are showing a strong
preference for alternative cleaning products that
Subject Pollutant Limit (mg/L)
contain minimal packaging, are offered in
Nonylphenols 0.001
concentrate form (preferably with a proper
Nonylphenol 0.01
dispensing system provided), and have
ethoxylates (NPE)
packaging that can be recycled.
Alkylphenols 0.001
Alkyphenols ethoxylates 0.01
Appendix B provides a table comparing the
(APE)
criteria required by leading-edge government
agencies (i.e. Canada' Environmental Choice,
Toronto's Sewer Use By-law has potential
U.S. Green Seal) to certify/qualify a cleaning
implications on the operations of PWGSC
product as environmentally-friendly. In addition,
owned and managed facilities providing
some government agencies have begun drafting
janitorial and maintenance services. It is not
specifications for environmentally-friendly
uncommon for commercial/industrial strength
industrial/commercial cleaning products (a
janitorial and maintenance cleaners to contain
selection of well known specifications are
surfactants. Whether or not the products list
provided in Appendix B).
the surfactants as a hazardous ingredient
depends on the manufacturer.
Further specifications can be located at the EPA
Environmentally Preferable Products Database at
Although the City of Toronto is the first
http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/epp/database.htm
community in Canada to add surfactants to the
list of specific subject pollutants in its Sewer
Use By-law, other Canadian municipalities are
following suit. Appendix C provides a list of
these municipalities and further discussion of
the situation and its potential implications.
6
Promoting the Use of Alternative Products & Processes: Janitorial Workbook
3.0 Evaluating Cleaning ? Can some of the cleaning products be
further diluted or purchased in concentrate
Products (i.e. many cleaners can be further diluted
beyond the instructions and still achieve the
3.1 Collecting Relevant same cleaning results)?
Information ? Can some cleaning products be used less
frequently?
The first step in evaluating the cleaning products
? Are some products being used for the same
involves collecting background information
end uses? Can some products be eliminated
about their use within your facility. A series of
because they already have better substitutes
worksheets have been developed to help prompt
in use?
you to gather relevant information about the
?br>
cleaning products (see below). Has staff reported health concerns (i.e.
dizziness, respiratory problems, headaches)
during use of some cleaners? Have you
The worksheets are designed to gather
asked staff about health problems?
information about how and where the cleaning
products are used, associated costs and health
Additional questions relating to health and
concerns identified by staff during their use
safety issues are provided in Appendix E. Even
(these worksheets can be copied from Appendix
when not a regulatory requirement, janitorial
E).
services should involve training of staff to
ensure that employees understand the products
Completing the worksheets should help identify in use, their health risks and how to use them
some opportunities and concerns about the properly. If not a regulatory requirement,
cleaning products in use, such as: training should be considered a best
management practice.
? Are there opportunities to reduce the
number of cleaning products used for
One of the key health and safety requirements
different purposes by using one general
involves WHMIS training. All employees who use
cleaner for different tasks (i.e. at one
or are exposed to hazardous materials must
PWGSC location, the janitorial supervisor
have training for WHMIS including how to read
uses window cleaner as a general purpose
MSDS, WHMIS labels and safety considerations
cleaner to clean glass, mirrors, counters,
when handling hazardous materials.
blinds, desktops, etc.);
Janitorial Product and Cost Evaluation Forms
Cleaning Purposes/ Uses Frequency of Use Health Impacts MSDS How Disposed
Product during Use available
(where is it used) (how often is it (i.e. dizziness, eye (packaging and
used) irritation) (yes/no) waste)
Cleaning Amount Cost per Unit Purchased in Concentrate Purchased in Annual
Product Purchased Form Non- Disposal
Annually ($) concentrate Costs
($) Size Dilution Ratio (size litres) ($)
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Promoting the Use of Alternative Products & Processes: Janitorial Workbook
3.2 Identifying Hazardous and human health to warrant elimination in use
or specific pollution prevention planning based
Ingredients of Concern
on life cycle management. These policies and
programs are supported under the Canadian
The first step in better understanding the type
Environmental Protection Act (CEPA).
of cleaning products being used in your facility
and their toxicity level involves reviewing the
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) information
Track 1 and Track 2 Substances - Under the
provided for each product to determine if any of
Toxic Substance Management Policy, candidate
the ingredients are considered hazardous.
substances are assessed as toxic using
established risk-based assessment procedures.
The purpose of the MSDS sheet is to inform
A substance deemed to pose unreasonable and
employees about the potential dangers
unmanageable risk to the environment and
associated with exposure to the hazardous
human health is placed on the Toxic Substance
materials in use and to provide information to
List (Track 1) and targeted for virtual
help prevent exposure through improper use,
elimination. Substances that raise alarms but are
handling, storage or disposal. The MSDS sheet
not as toxic as Track 1 substances can be
provides the following categories of information:
classified on a Priority Substance List (Track 2).
In order to determine whether the janitorial
? Product Information (product identifiers,
cleaners in use contain Track 1 or Track 2 toxic
manufacturer and supplier names,
substances you will need to conduct the
addresses and emergency phone
following evaluation procedure:
numbers);
? Hazardous ingredients;
?Compare the MSDS ingredients category with
? Physical data;
those toxic substances listed in the Track 1
? Fire or explosion hazard;
and Track 2 listings (see Appendix D). If any
? Reactivity data (chemical instability and
of the chemicals match then they must be
the substances it may react with);
targeted for immediate elimination (if listed in
? Toxicological properties (health effects);
Track 1) or eventual elimination as a best
? Preventative measures;
practice (if listed in Track 2).
? First aid measures;
? Preparation information (by whom and
National Pollutant Registry Inventory
what).
Substances - The National Pollutant Release
Inventory (NPRI) is a database of pollutants
Manufacturers are not required to provide released to the environment or transferred off-
information about ecological effects of a product site as waste or for recycling from major
on the MSDS , which include information about industrial point sources in Canada. One of the
biodegradability and % VOC levels. In order to fundamental objectives of the NPRI is to provide
receive this information you will need to contact Canadians with access to pollutant release
the manufacturer and request it in writing. information for facilities located in their
communities.
The category in the MSDS referring to
composition and information of ingredients in
the hazardous material can be used to identify
specific toxic chemicals that have been targeted
for elimination, avoidance or extreme care
through Federal legislation or specific program
policies.
Federal Government Legislation - The
Federal Government has developed policies and
programs targeting toxic materials that are
considered of sufficient risk to the environment
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Promoting the Use of Alternative Products & Processes: Janitorial Workbook
Schedule 1 lists all substances in MSDS Evaluation
the NPRI, and is broken into four Product Name
parts according to the reporting
criteria for the substances. Manufacturer
Substances included in the NPRI
are chosen from selected lists of
substances of concern, which MSDS Information
have been compiled by Date
Environment Canada using Is MSDS complete?
List Hazardous Ingredients Listed as Toxic?
scientific criteria for toxicity and Track 1 Track 2 NPRI Other
environmental impacts. Part 1 of 1.
2.
Schedule 1 lists 248 substances of 3.
concern, which are relevant here. 4.
In order to determine whether the
5.
6.
janitorial cleaners in use contain 7.
NPRI substances you will need to 8.
9.
conduct the following evaluation 10.
procedure:
Volatile Organic Compounds Product Corrosivity
Are there VOCs? Product Corrosive?
(%) What is the pH?
?Compare the MSDS ingredients Product Flammability Other Information
with those substances listed in Product Flammable? WHMIS classification?
What is the Flash Point? Reactivity?
Part 1, Schedule 1 of the Health Hazards
National Pollutant Release Eye
Skin
Inventory in Appendix D. If any Inhalation
of the chemicals match they Cancer
then the products should be
Other
Comments from staff about use of the product
avoided and alternatives found dizziness
that are not toxic or less toxic or eye irritation
MSDS Evaluation Worksheet
used with extreme care.
affects breathing
other
Priority
Established Programs - The
high
medium
Janitorial Products Pollution low
Prevention Project (JP4) also has
established lists of ingredients
found in cleaning products that should be To assist you evaluate the cleaning products a
avoided or used with extreme care. Most of MSDS evaluation worksheet has been
these ingredients are listed as part of developed, which prompts you for information
and evaluation. This worksheet can be copied
Environment Canada's National Pollutant
from Appendix E and used for each product
Release Inventory (NPRI) and a few are listed in
MSDS sheet.
the Toxic Substance Management Policy ?Track
1 and Track 2. Some JP4 listed ingredients (i.e.
Many Chemicals Have Different Names But
coconut diethanolamine) are not listed in the
NPRI or Toxic Substance lists but should be The Same Molecular Structure...
considered ingredients to avoid.
When comparing the MSDS ingredients with the
list of substances (Track 1, Track 2 and NPRI) it
Comparing the JP4 Substances ?Compare
is important to recognize that some chemical
the MSDS ingredients with those substances in
listings may be close to the MSDS ingredients
the Janitorial Pollution Prevention Project listed
but not exactly the same. Unfortunately, there
in Appendix D. If any of the chemicals match
is no rule of thumb for comparing slight
they then the products should be avoided and
variations in the names (i.e. coconut
alternatives found that are not toxic or less toxic
diethanolamide vs. coconut diethanolamine) and
or used with extreme care.
caution should be taken during the review.
Whenever possible, use the CAS number
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Promoting the Use of Alternative Products & Processes: Janitorial Workbook
provided, which represents the Chemical synonyms and useful links to other sites.
Abstract Service Registry Number, which is the
same for all chemicals containing the same http://www.scorecard.org/chemical-profiles/ -
molecular structure, regardless of the name this site has information about 6,800 common
used. The following web site may help in chemicals in use and applicable legislation.
comparing the ingredients:
Table 2.0 provides a list of synonyms and CAS
http://chemfinder.camsoft.com/ - on this site, if
number for some ingredients commonly found in
you type in the name, partial name, molecular
cleaning products.
formula, molecular weight, or CAS number of a
chemical, you will get all kinds of info including
Table 2.0
Common Chemical Ingredients Found in Cleaning Products
And Their Synonyms
Hydrochloric acid Toluene
CAS number - 7647-01-0 CAS number - 108-88-3
Synonyms - Hydrogen chloride; Muriatic acid; Synonyms - Toluol; phenyl methane;
Chlorohydric acid; Hydrochloride Methylbenzol; methyl-Benzene; Monomethyl
benzene
Butoxyelthanol Sodium Hydroxide
CAS number - 111-76-2 CAS number - 1310-73-2
Synonyms - 2-Butoxy ethanol; Ethylene glycol Synonyms - Caustic soda; Sodium hydrate; soda
mono butyl ether; Ethylene glycol monobutyl lye
ether
Perchloroethylene Coconut Diethanolamide
CAS number - 127-18-4 CAS number - 68603-42-9
Synonyms ?Tetrachloroethylene Synonyms - coconut diethanolamine; N,N-Bis (2-
hydroxyethyl) cocoamide; N,N-Bis(2-
hydroxyethyl)coconut fatty acid amide; Coconut
acid, diethanolamide; Coconut fatty acid amide of
diethanolamine; Coconut fatty acids
diethanolamide; Coconut oil acid, Coconut oil
acids diethanolamide; Coconut oil acids
diethanolamine
Phenol Formaldehyde
CAS number - 108-95-2 CAS number - 50-00-0
Synonyms - Carbolic acid; Hydroxybenzene; Synonyms - Formalin; Methylene oxide; Methyl
Phenic; monohydroxy benzene; Phenic Acid; aldehyde; Methanal; HCHO; Formic aldehyde
phenylic acid
Isopropyl Alcohol Ethanolamine
CAS number - 67-63-0 CAS number - 141-43-5
Synonyms - 2-Propanol; Isopropanol; IPA; Sec- Synonyms - Ethanol Amine; 2-aminoethanol; Beta-
propanol; Rubbing Alcohol aminoethanol; ethylolamine; monoethanolamine
10
Promoting the Use of Alternative Products & Processes: Janitorial Workbook
3.3 Evaluating Your Options Opportunity for Change Checklist
At this point, you should have a good idea Have cleaning substances been removed and disposed of as hazardous waste or
appropriate means that are no in use?
which cleaning products contain undesirable
Can the job can be completed by not using any or some hazardous cleaning
hazardous ingredients and/or have caused products?
health problems among workers. It is possible
Can cleaning products containing hazardous ingredients be substituted for non -
that those cleaning products containing toxic cleaning products?
undesirable hazardous ingredients are also
If the cleaner cannot be eliminated or substituted with a non-toxic cleaner can it
causing some health impacts among be substitute with a less toxic one?
employees.
Is the correct amount of cleaning prod uct is being ordered (i.e. is the use of the
You should be in a position to identify and cleaner consistent with the requirement)?
prioritize cleaning products of concern. Can you purchase the product in concentrate? Have you considered what
additional training of staff is required to ensure safe mixing, minimal exposure to
gases, and minimal spillage?
In order to evaluate opportunities for product
Can less of the cleaning product be used by not cleaning as often?
substitution and process change you will need
to assess the following:
Can you use less of the cleaning product by diluting the cleaner more then
stipulated in the instructions?
? Screen for Track 1, Track 2, NPRI Can you reduce the number of different cleaners used by using the one cleaner
substances and act accordingly; for several cleaning tasks?
?For hazardous materials not listed, Do any of cleaning products exceed their expiry date before completely used up
perform the following tasks: (in which case they should be ordered in smaller quantities)?
?Any cleaning substances no longer
used should be removed and disposed Are any cleaning products sitting around unused for long periods of time (in which
case they should be ordered in smaller quantities)?
of as hazardous waste;
?Determine if the job can be completed
by not using any hazardous cleaning
products or by substituting a non-toxic they should be ordered in smaller
cleaning product; quantities.
?If the product cannot be eliminated or
substituted with a non-toxic product A checklist has been developed to provide
then evaluate opportunities to substitute guidance in identifying opportunities for change
with a less toxic one; (this checklist can be copied from Appendix E).
?Determine if the correct amount of
cleaning product is being ordered (i.e. is
PWGSC and CCOHS Database Initiative
the use of the cleaner consistent with
the requirement?);
PWGSC in association with the Canadian Centre for
?Determine if the product can be
Occupational Heath and Safety (CCOHS) is developing
purchased in concentrate and what
a database as a screening tool to help decrease the
additional training is required to ensure
use of hazardous materials within PWGSC facilities.
safe mixing, minimal exposure to gases,
and minimal spillage;
The screening tool is constructed by compiling lists of
?Determine if the job can be completed
chemicals, which are considered to have specific
by using less of the cleaning product
hazardous properties. The lists come from Canadian
(i.e. not cleaning as often or diluting the
legislation, international organisations and other
cleaner more);
reputable sources. The lists are used to determine if
?Determine if you can reduce the number
ingredients in products being used are on these lists
of different cleaners used by using the
and therefore target these products for replacement
same cleaner for several cleaning tasks.
by less hazardous and greener products.
Consequently, the database can be used to further
?Determine if any cleaning products
screen the cleaning products in use in order to identify
exceeding their expiry date before
health and environmental concerns associated with
completely used or are sitting around
the products and suggested alternatives.
for long periods of time, in which case
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Promoting the Use of Alternative Products & Processes: Janitorial Workbook
3.4 Finding Alternative Products In addition to the Policy Directives identified in
That Work Section 1.1 Background, PWGSC has prepared a
series of other Policy Directives promoting best
One of the biggest challenges involves selecting management practices and legislative compliance
alternative cleaning products that best meet relating to hazardous materials including:
your cleaning needs and the needs of your
workplace. Some of the issues that may Policy Directive 007 - Health and Safety Policy
influence your choice of environmentally friendly http://source.pwgsc.gc.ca/policy/d007-e.html
cleaners include:
?Price; Policy Directive 017 - Personal Protective
?Time requirements (i.e. to train/inform Equipment for Employees
employees); http://source.pwgsc.gc.ca/policy/d017-e.html
?Departmental and senior management
support for the initiative; Policy Directive 018 - Hazardous Occurrence
?Verifying product claims; Investigating, Reporting and Recording
?Proven capability; http://source.pwgsc.gc.ca/policy/d018-e.html
?Availability of products.
Policy Directive 057 ?Asbestos Management
Tackling each issue will help you further identify http://source.pwgsc.gc.ca/policy/d057-e.html
the criteria for selecting an alternative cleaning
product.
Price: Currently, the Federal Government has
environmental practices within its departmental
no preferential purchasing program in place to
operations. These initiatives include a Code of
compensate for environmentally friendly
Environmental Stewardship, which requires
products that may cost a bit more to buy than
PWGSC operations "promote the integration of
conventional products. However, in most cases,
environmental considerations into departmental
environmentally friendly products are less
purchasing policies and practices and assist
expensive over the long run due to special
departments in the procurement of
features, such as availability in concentrate
environmentally friendly products". In addition,
form, reduction in health complaints and time
the PWGSC Environmental Policy (Departmental
off due to injury. In addition, environmentally
Policy 074) formalizes PWGSC's commitment to
responsible products become economically
protect the environment and incorporate
feasible when factoring in the costs associated
environmentally responsible principles and
with training, handling, storing, and properly
practices in all operations and activities by
disposing of the hazardous products.
establishing policies, roles and responsibilities
and guidelines. Most Senior Management
Time requirements: Some additional time will
support environmental initiatives and will
be required to establish employee support for
provide the support you require to evaluate
the use of environmentally friendly cleaning
alternative cleaning opportunities.
products and to train employees on the use of
the new cleaning products. In other cases,
Verifying Product Claims: There are no
making slight modifications to the cleaning
regulations currently in place governing the use
routine may be required in order to permit
of labels or terminology (i.e. environmentally
additional cleaning time for some alternative
safe, environmentally preferable,
cleaners (such as applying the environmentally
environmentally friendly) by companies trying to
friendly cleaner, allowing it sit while performing
sell their products. The use of these terms does
another task then coming back to finish with the
not substantiate the "greenness" of a product
cleaner).
unless the product has been certified by a
credible organization (such as, the Canadian
Departmental and Senior Management
Environmental Choice Program or the US Green
Support: PWGSC has developed a series of
Seal Program) or evaluated using recognized
strategies and directives governing sustainable
12
Promoting the Use of Alternative Products & Processes: Janitorial Workbook
criteria. This issue will be further explored in The US Green Seal Program (see Appendix F
this section. for certified cleaning products)
Proven Capability:
Determining which product best meets your
cleaning needs and the needs of your workplace
requires work. You may wish to call other
places that have used environmentally friendly
cleaners and/or pilot test some products
yourself. Unfortunately, there is no easy
solution to this problem partially because of the
lack of available venues to exchange information
and experience among the like-minded. This
issue will be further explored in this section. 2. Contact other agencies or departments that
have used alternative cleaning products to
Availability of Products: Delivery time and see what criteria they used in evaluating the
location may influence the choice and selection products and/or what products worked best.
of alternative cleaning products. You may insist Appendix F provides a list of approved
that the alternative cleaning product supplier suppliers of cleaning products developed by
needs to be Canadian-based and situated within US GSA (General Services Administration)
one day's delivery time to your facility or you based on a minimal set of criteria (see table
may be able to extend your boundary into the in Appendix B) and the JP4 program. This
United States in order to have access to more task should be combined with the task
alternative products. below, evaluating MSDS information.
3.4.1 Evaluating Product Claims and 3. Collect MSDS information on potential
Proven Capability products and review their ingredients using
the procedures outlined in Section 2.2.
Once you have decided which cleaners to target
for replacement with non-toxic or less toxic Table 2.1 provides a preliminary matrix of
cleaners it is important to identify and evaluate vendors, products and listings available in
the alternatives. Canada. Although the list of alternative
products and vendors is not complete, it does
Many cleaning product suppliers will make identify cleaning products that meet rigorous
claims about their product without necessarily environmental requirements.
substantiating the claim. The best defense
against false or exaggerated product claim is to:
After reviewing various alternative products,
contact the vendors and ask for a contact list of
1. Purchase products that have undergone a
facilities using the product. While there is little
credible certification program and have the
published information available about alternative
seal of approval to prove it. Programs
product use in Canada, increasingly, Canadian
include:
suppliers are beginning to make impressive
headway in securing large government and
The Canadian Environmental Choice
corporate clients and should be willing to share
Program (see Appendix F for certified cleaning
their experience and information with you.
products)
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Promoting the Use of Alternative Products & Processes: Janitorial Workbook
Table 2.1
List of Canadian Vendors of Alternative Cleaners
This is a partial list of vendors who offer cleaning products in Canada. This is not an all inclusive list of vendors who
offer environmentally-friendly products, nor does it include all of the products offered by vendors.
Approved by the Following Programs
Vendor Environ- Green JP4 State of State of Used in
mental Seal Mass. Michigan Gov't
Choice Facilities
General Purpose Cleaners
Enviro Care All Purpose or Tough Job
Cleaners (Rochester Midland)
Multi-purpose Neutral Cleaner
(Assen International)
Green Knight General Purpose
Cleaner (Bebbington Industries)
Nature Clean All Purpose Cleaner
(Frank T. Ross & Sons)
Super Green All Purpose Cleaner
(Lords and Partners)
Green Unikleen (Archer Chemicals)
Toilet Bowl Cleaner
Ecogent Universal Cleaner
(Cogent Environmental Solutions)
Enviro-Solutions Bowl Cleanser
(Enviro-Solutions Inc.)
Bowl Cleaner (Prism Inc)
Floor Cleaner/Stripper
Ecogent Universal Cleaner
(Cogent Environmental Solutions)
Floor Stripper (Prism Inc)
Enviro Care Floor Finish Remover
(Rochester Midland)
Glass Cleaner
Enviro-Solutions Glass Cleaner
(Enviro-Solutions Inc.)
Glass Cleaner(Prism Inc.)
Nature Clean Window and Glass
Cleaner (Frank T Ross & Sons)
Spot and Stain Remover
Super Green (Lord and Partners)
Enviro-Solutions Spot & Stain
Remover (Enviro-Solutions Inc.)
Disinfectant
Enviro-Care Neutral Disinfectant
(Rochester Midland)
Benefect Disinfectant
(Sensible Life Products)
Carpet Cleaning
Carpet Cleaner (Prism Inc.)
Carpet Extraction Cleaner
(Enviro-Solutions)
Green 4 Clean (Archer Chemicals)
14
Promoting the Use of Alternative Products & Processes: Janitorial Workbook
3.5 Testing Alternative Products 7. Work with staff to evaluate the product
during and after the test period. To assist
you evaluate the performance of the product
Conducting a field test on a few alternative
an evaluation worksheet has been developed
cleaners will help identify which products best
(see below) and can be copied from Appendix
meet your needs. The following steps will help
E. The evaluation should focus on:
guide the testing phase:
?Performance compared to original
1. Collect MSDS information and other relevant product;
information on alternative cleaning products.
?Strengths and Weaknesses;
Compare information based on select health
and environmental criteria (i.e. toxicity, ?Health Effects compared to original
presence of hazardous ingredients, product;
corrosiveness, presence of dyes and
?Desire to continue with product.
fragrances, VOCs, etc). Select several
products that you would like to test, based on
8. Conduct a price comparison and, where
your MSDS evaluation.
possible, a payback period evaluation
between the original product and the
2. Ask for samples of the product.
alternative product.
3. Test the product for at least two weeks.
Simple Price Comparison
4. Ensure that staff are trained and equipped
The easiest way to perform a cost analysis is to
properly in using the product.
determine the costs of the product (original
verses alternative) based on its expected life
5. Obtain feedback throughout the testing
span and then extrapolate over the year to
period to troubleshoot any problems.
determine a total cost per year. For example:
6. If a product doesn't seem to be working as
Product A = $100/ unit and each unit lasts 2
well as expected, check to see how it is being
months; therefore, the annual cost for the
used (i.e. is the dilution rate correct, does it
product is ($100 x 6) = $600.
need to be left on the surface for a longer
period of time).
Product B = $60/unit and each unit lasts 1
Product Evaluation Worksheet
Facility Information
1 How long did you test the product? less than 2 weeks 2 to 4 weeks more than 4 weeks
How well did this product clean (compared with
2 original)? well average poorly
How hard did you have to work with the product
3 (compared with original)? easier as expected harder
Did you have to clean with this product more than
4 expected? less than expected as expected more than expected
Did you have to use more of this product than was
5 recommended for the job? used less used recommended amount much more
dissatisfied with
6 What do staff think about the product? pleased with performance no difference performance
7 What do building occupants think about the product? pleased with product no comments dissatisfied with products
Did you experience any health problems from using minor irititants (sneezing, more significant problems
8 the product? no negative reactions dizziness) (describe)
Did you experience any cost savings from using the
9 product (compared with original)? more costs savings no cost savings higher costs
10 Is this product certified? Enviornmental Choice Green Seal other
11 W o u l d y o u r e c o m m e n d t h i s p r o d u c t t o o t h e r s ? yes maybe no
15
Promoting the Use of Alternative Products & Processes: Janitorial Workbook
month; therefore, the annual cost for the identified for the current practice and the new
product is ($60 x 12) = $720. practice, even if the cost is $0 for the one
practice.)
Payback Period Cost Evaluation
A payback period of 3 years or less is considered
A more sophisticated cost analysis approach acceptable for a low/moderate risk investment
involves payback period, which is the length of (PWGSC rule of thumb).
time it takes to recover the money used to
implement the option and is calculated using the The rule of thumb for the payback period may
following formula: or may not be applicable in some instances,
such as for alternative products that can be
Payback used to eliminate or reduce the risk associated
Period = Total Initial with the highly toxic hazardous materials in use.
Investment For example, if a hazardous material has
ingredients identified on the toxic or priority
Net Annual
substance list or NPRI list, a higher cost and
Savings
longer payback period may be justified to
eliminate the use of the hazardous material
Calculating a payback period is best used when
within PWGSC.
capital costs are involved in the purchase of the
product, such as a dispensing machine or other
new equipment.
In essence, the "Total Initial Investment" is any
new one-time cost associated with the new
product (such as a dispensing machine). The
"Net Annual Savings" compares costs between
the original product and the alternative product
(i.e. product costs, protective ware, disposal
costs, training costs, injury-related costs). The
costs associated the alternative product are
summed together and subtracted from the total
costs associated with the original product.
The level of detail provided in the calculation
depends on you. It can incorporate as many
costs as you want to include. It is important,
however, to provide comparative costs for each
input (for example a training cost must be
Sample Payback Period Evaluation
Alternative product: Original product:
Dispensing Machine Cost = $200
Annual Product Costs = $300 Annual Product Cost = $400
Annual Disposal costs = $0 Annual Disposal Costs = $50
Annual Training Costs = $50 Annual Training Costs = $100
Payback Period = $200 / ($550-$350) = 1 year
16
Promoting the Use of Alternative Products & Processes: Janitorial Workbook
3.6 Making the Project a Success
Lessons Learned from Pilot Projects
One of the keys to ensuring the success of the
The US EPA launched a alternative cleaning
project is to communicate with everyone
project in two of its largest national parks
involved or affected about the project's goals,
(Yellowstond and Grant Teton National Parks).
objectives, and successes. The more you
Both parks successfully eliminated or greatly
communicate and involve staff, management
reduced the use of environmentally harmful,
and building occupants in the project the more
toxic and hazardous cleaning products by
buy-in and support you can expect to receive for
switching to environmentally friendly cleaning
your efforts.
products and reduced the quantity and variety of
cleaning products used for various tasks.
A series of worksheets have been designed to
The key lessons learned were:
help you through the various stages of
?Coordinate early with warehouse and
identifying, testing and evaluating alternative
purchasing;
products. Copies of the worksheets are
provided in Appendix E. ?Have a champion at each location;
?Demonstrate strong management
Switching to non-toxic, environmentally-friendly commitment;
cleaning products can help to improve the
?Communicate top level commitment;
indoor working environment (i.e. air quality) for
?Explain use of personal protective
all employees (not just janitorial staff) and
equipment;
improve the outdoor health of the environment.
In the end, it is an effort well worth taking. ?Verify/train in proper use of products;
?Involve the staff in making changes;
?Understand that personal preferences can
affect acceptance;
?Share success stories;
?Quantify the cost savings.
17
Appendix A
Janitorial Products Pollution Prevention Program
Janitorial Products with the Following Ingredients to Avoid:
Health Effects From Full-Strength Ingredient
CAS Ingredient Name Eye Skin Skin Inhalation Chronic Effects
Number Effects Effects Absorb? Effects
00100-51-6 Benzyl Alcohol B/BL Sev Irr Yes Sev Irr Carcinogenic;
CNS effects;
vertigo
00075-45-6 CFC-22; FB FB No FB
Chlorodifluoro
Methane
68603-42-9 Coconut Oil Carcinogenic
Diethanolamine
00111-42-2 Diethanolamine Irr Irr No Slight Suspected
Carcinogen; Skin
allergy
00075-68-3 HCFC-142b FB FB No FB
00120-40-1 Lauric Acid Some evidence
Diethanolamine of carcinogenic
effects
00071-55-6 Methyl Chloroform; Irr Irr Yes Irr; Damage Liver; Kidneys;
1,1,1-TCE Heart; CNS
00078-93-3 Methyl Ethyl Ketone B Sev Irr Yes Sev Irr CNS; GI Tract;
Liver; Repro-
Fetal
00091-20-3 Naphthalene D/BL Irr Yes Irr Potential
Carcinogen;
Damage to GI
Tract; Blood;
Liver; Kidney;
Repro
18662-53-8 Nitrilotriacetic Acid Carcinogenic -
Prop. 65
00106-46-7 Paradichloro Irr Irr Yes Carcinogen -
benzene Prop. 65 ; Liver &
kidney damage
(from inhalation)
00127-18-4 Tetrachloroethylene; B Irr Some Yes Carcinogenic;
Perchloroethylene reproductive
damage; liver &
kidney damage
00108-88-3 Toluene D Irr Yes Yes CNS Impairment;
Liver & Kidney
Damage
Tributyl Tin
00079-01-6 Trichloroethylene D Irr No Yes Liver,
Reproductive, &
CNS damage;
Prop. 65
Carcinogen
Janitorial Products with the Following Ingredients to Avoid if possible:
Health Effects From Full-Strength Ingredient
CAS Ingredient Name Eye Skin Skin Inhalation Chronic Effects
00111- 2-Butoxy Ethanol Irr Irr Yes Reproductive & Fetal Effects; Liver &
00090- 2-Phenyl Phenol B B Burns IARC Group 3 Carcinogen (Insufficient
00067- Acetone B Irr. Yes Yes Potential Reproductive Effects; Liver &
07664- Ammonia B/BL D Sev Kidneys/Liver/CNS
01341- Ammonium BL D Yes Burns
01336- Ammonium BL D Yes; D Cataracts; glaucoma
00628- Amyl Acetate Irr Irr No Irr Kidney damage
00105- Caprolactam Irr Irr Yes Yes/Irr CNS/Neurological
00124- Caprylic Acid B/BL D Yes Sev Irr Blood
00108- Cyclohexanol B Irr Yes Irr CNS/?Liver/?Kidney/Repro
00084- Dibutyl Phthalate B Sev Irr Endocrine/Mutagen/Repro/Testes/Kidney
74-2 Irr
00112- Diethylene Glycol Irr Irr Yes Slight Kidney damage; CNS effects
34-5 Monobutyl Ether
07647- Hydrochloric Acid BL D No
01-1
07722- Hydrogen Peroxide BL D No Burns;
84-1 Fatal
00079- Hydroxyacetic Acid BL D No Yes Burns; Damage
14-1
00141- Monoethanolamine D B Yes Liver & kidney damage; fetal damage
43-5
00110- Morpholine BL D Yes Sev Irr
91-8
00123- n-Butyl Acetate B Irr Yes Irr CNS/Mutagen
86-4
09016- Nonyl Phenol Irr Irr Endocrine PBT (Alkyl Phenol
45-9 Ethoxylate Ethoxyalate)
09036- Octyl Phenol Sev Sev Endocrine PBT (Alkyl Phenol
19-5 Ethoxylate Irr Irr Ethoxyalate)
07664- Phosphoric Acid BL D No
38-2
26027- Polyethylene Irr/B Irr/B Irr Endocrine Disruptor
38-3 Monophenyl Ether
02893- Sodium Dichloro B/BL B Irr
78-9 Isocyanurate
07681- Sodium
51-9 Hypochlorite;
Bleach
00102- D B Yes Slight Liver & Kidney Damage; IARC Group 3
Carcinogen
71-6
Triethanolamine
(Insufficient evidence)
00121- Triethylamine B Irr Yes Irr Kidneys/Repro
44-8
08006- Turpentine B Irr Yes Yes Kidney, bladder, CNS Damage; possibly
64-2 harms fetus
01330- Xylene B Irr Yes Yes; Irr Liver, kidney, CNS, spleen; IARC Group
20-7 3 (Insufficient evicence)
Abbreviations
B Causes burns to eyes or skin, which may heal over time.
BL Contact with eyes quickly causes permanent blindness.
B/BL Burns eyes, in some cases causing blindness.
CAS Chemical Abstract Service, who assigns a number to every chemical ingredient.
CNS Central Nervous System
D Causes damage to eyes or skin, which if not taken care of will be permanent.
FB May cause frostbite from cold temperature of aerosol.
Irr Irritant (Victim will usually only be temporarily inconvenienced).
PBT Refers to chemicals that are persistent, that bioaccumulate, and that are toxic.
Prop. 65 Listed by California's Workers' Right-To-Know Legislation.
Sev Irr Severe Irritant (Victim will usually be temporarily incapacitated).
Skin Absorb This ingredient easily absorbs through skin, and will poison the liver, kidneys, or other organs
as the body trys to eliminate it.
Appendix B
Criteria Required by Government Agencies to Certify/Qualify Cleaning
Products as Environmentally-Friendly
Criteria Environmental US Green GSA Janitorial
Choice Program Seal Criteria for Pollution
Program Cleaning Prevention
Products Project
VOC level <10% <10% Lower the Lower the
better better
Ph level 2.0-13 2.5-12
Deals with biodegradability
Does not contain EDTA <1%
Does not contain NTA <5%
petroleum or petrochemical
compounds
Does not contain chlorine
bleach (sodium hypochlorite)
Does not contain phenolic
compounds (germicides)
Does not contain gycol ethers
(i.e. ethylene glycol and No butoxy
butoxy ethanol) ethanol
Does not contain APE
Does not contain phosphates <5% NTA
phosphorus-
based builders
Does not contain heavy
metals
Does not contain aromatic
solvents
Does not contain chlorinated
organic solvents
Toxicity levels
Carcinogenic, Reproductive
Hazard
Does it contain ozone
depleting substances
Does not contain fragrances
Does not contain dyes
Deals with skin/eye irritation
Concentrates and level of
exposure
Food chain exposure ?br>
bioconcentration factor/
Flash point
City of Seattle
ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA FOR JANITORIAL PRODUCTS
The City of Seattle recently adopted policies on Environmentally Responsible Purchasing and
Chemical Use which are intended to provide sound environmental stewardship, protect human
health, reduce operating expenses associated with the use of highly regulated hazardous
materials, and reduce potential liability to the City. Therefore, environmental criteria are being
added to a wide variety of new City contracts, including these environmental specifications for
janitorial service contracts.
1. Identification of Janitorial Products and Certification of Mandatory
Product Attributes
Prior to contract award, the apparent successful bidder must identify all janitorial
products intended to be used in providing janitorial services to the City by product name,
manufacturer name, and product type. (Examples of product type include glass cleaner,
toilet bowl cleaner, tub/tile cleaner, air freshener, furniture polish, spot remover, floor
finish, disinfectant, and graffiti remover.) In addition, the apparent successful bidder
must submit documentation that provides proof that all ingredients, both active and inert,
in each of the janitorial products identified for use in execution of a contract with the
City, adhere to the criteria specified as mandatory product attributes below (section 2.)
Required documentation includes a completed Manufacturer's Product Certification
Form (Appendix A) and a Material Safety Data Sheet for each product intended to be
used by the bidder in providing janitorial services to the City. Failure to provide/submit
this information within 14 days may be grounds for bid rejection.
2. Mandatory Product Attributes
The following product attributes are mandatory for environmentally responsible cleaning
products used by contractors in City of Seattle facilities.1 Failure of a product to meet
any of the criteria listed below, or failure to submit acceptable verification that a product
meets these criteria, may lead to the automatic rejection of the bid. All answers should
pertain to the product in its diluted or ready-to-use state. Shaded boxes contain
references for the mandatory product attributes listed below.
a) No Persistent, Bioaccumulative And Toxic Chemicals
The City of Seattle believes that these chemicals are no longer required in most
cleaning products and wishes to protect human health and the environment by
minimizing use of such chemicals.
?No ingredient shall be on EPA's Superfund Amendments and Re-authorization
Act (SARA) Title III, Section 313 list of toxic release inventory chemicals.
(NOTE: biocides in disinfectants are exempt from this criterion.) AND
?Additionally, no product shall contain alkylphenol ethoxylates (APE's) above
trace amounts. The City recognizes that the breakdown products of APE's
1
The City reserves the right to make exceptions to the criteria on a case-by-case basis if no products meeting these
criteria can be found that will address the City's need in a particular situation.
bioaccumulate in the environment. Further, there is potential danger to wildlife
and humans when hormonal mimics like APE's are released into the environment.
A list of the Toxic Release Inventory chemicals (EPA's Superfund Amendments
and Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title II, Section 313 list) can be found at:
http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/tri/chemls2.pdf
See Appendix B for a non-exhaustive list of APE's.
b) No Carcinogens, Mutagens And Teratogens
?In order to protect human health and the environment, no ingredient shall be
classified as a known or probable carcinogen, mutagen, or teratogen on any of the
following lists:
?Latest edition of the Annual Report on Carcinogens, National Toxicology
Program (NTP)
?International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Group 1, 2A or 2B
?Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulated carcinogens
AND
? Additional restricted substances that are highly toxic and/or suspected
carcinogens that shall not be present in a product beyond trace amounts are:
? paradichlorobenzene, CAS 106-46-7
? 1, 4-dioxane, CAS 123-91-1
? sodium hypochlorite, CAS 7681-52-9
? nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), CAS 139-13-9
? sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (sodium EDTA), CAS 60-00-4
Known or probable carcinogens, mutagens, or teratogens can be found on any of the
following lists:
?National Toxicology Program (NTP), Latest edition, Annual Report on
Carcinogens
Known Human Carcinogens:
http://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov/NewHomeRoc/Known_list.html
Reasonably Anticipated to be Human Carcinogens:
http://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov/NewHomeRoc/RAHC_list.html
? International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Group 1, 2A or 2B
http://193.51.164.11/default.html (Go to: Complete list of agents, mixtures
and exposures evaluated and their classification)
? Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
http://www.osha-slc.gov/OshStd_toc/OSHA_Std_toc.html
c) No Ozone-Depleting Compounds
In order to prevent ozone depletion, no products shall contain ozone-depleting
compounds as identified by the Montreal Protocol.
See 1997 Update of the Handbook for the International Treaties for the Protection of
the Ozone Layer
http://www.unep.org/ozone/handbook-update.htm
d) Low Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC's)
Because of the link between VOC's and air pollution, no product shall contain VOC's
in concentrations that exceed 10% of the weight of the product.
Examples of VOC's include: benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene, methyl
ethyl ketone, and trichloroethylene.
VOC content can also be tested using Test Method 24 or 24A, 40 CFR Part 60,
Appendix A.
e) No Hazardous Waste Characteristics
No product, rendered unusable due to circumstances such as expired shelf life or as
cleanup from a spill, shall be designated as a hazardous waste as defined in WAC
173-303-070 or as characterized in WAC 173-303-090. Factors included in this
designation include:
a) Inclusion on discarded chemical product list or dangerous waste source list
b) Ignitability: flashpoint less than 140 degrees F
c) Corrosivity: pH of less than 2.0 or greater than or equal to 12.5
d) Reactivity: eight properties that make a chemical likely to cause an explosive
or sudden toxic danger
e) Toxicity: Fails the Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure
See the Washington State Dangerous Waste Regulations:
http://www.wa.gov/ecology/pubs/wac173303.pdf
f) No Combination Cleaner-Disinfectants
The City believes that combination cleaner-disinfectant products are ineffective and
result in over-use of highly toxic disinfectants. Therefore, no products shall be
combination cleaner-disinfectant products.
No combination cleaner-disinfectant products containing a biocide
requiring EPA registration as a pesticide.
Emergency Response Plan
3.
Prior to contract award, the apparent successful bidder must prepare an Emergency
Response Plan addressing actions to be taken to prevent, and respond to emergencies
such as accidental spills or employee exposure to janitorial products occurring on City
property. Plan should address hazards posed by the specific products planned for use,
work practices to prevent spills/exposures, personal protective equipment to be used on
the job, procedures for administering first aid and securing medical assistance to injured
workers, emergency phone numbers, and procedures for notifying the City when such
incidents occur. Failure to provide/submit an acceptable emergency response plan
within 14 days will be grounds for bid rejection.
Appendix A
ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA FOR JANITORIAL PRODUCTS
City of Seattle
--- Manufacturer's Product Certification Form ---
INSTRUCTIONS
? This form is required only of the apparent successful bidder. It must be completed and
submitted to the City within 14 days of notification by the City.
? One form should be completed for each product proposed to be used in cleaning City
facilities.
? Bidder should complete top section and have product manufacturer complete the rest.
? Examples of product description include: glass cleaner, toilet bowl cleaner, tub/tile
cleaner/air freshener, furniture polish, carpet/upholstery spot remover, floor was,
disinfectant, graffiti remover, etc.
? Send copy of City criteria (Attachment 7 of the Invitation to Bid) to the manufacturer
along with the Certification Form to provide definitions of criteria.
? All forms must be signed by an authorized representative of the manufacturer.
? Manufacturer should send completed forms back to the bidder, who should submit one
complete package of certification forms for all products to the City.
? Attach a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) to each completed form for submittal to the
City.
Manufacturer Product Certification Form
The undersigning bidder certifies that the product described below is proposed to be used as stated in
performing janitorial services for the City of Seattle, should a contract be awarded.
The undersigning manufacturer's representative certifies that the product described below
complies with the City of Seattle's mandatory product attributes as described in Section 2,
Attachment 7 (Environmental Criteria for Janitorial Products) of the request for quotation.
TO BE COMPLETED BY BIDDER:
Bidder Company Name
Bidder Repre sentative Name
(printed)
Signature of Bidder
Representative/Date
Complete Product Name
Product Manufacturer
Product Description
TO BE COMPLETED BY MANUFACTURER:
Product complies with Item 2(a), No Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic
YES NO
Chemicals.
Product complies with Item 2(b), No Carcinogens, Mutagens, and Teratogens.
YES NO
Product complies with Item 2(c), No Ozone-Depleting Compounds.
YES NO
Product complies with Item 2(d), Low Volatile Organic Compounds.
YES NO
Product complies with Item 2(e), No Hazardous Waste Characteristics.
YES NO
Product complies with Item 2(f), No Combination Clean-Disinfectants.
YES NO
Name of Manufacturing
Company
Printed Name and Title of
Manufacturer Representative
Phone Number of Manufacturer
Representative
Signature of Manufacturer
Representative/Date
Draft
ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA FOR JANITORIAL PRODUCTS
--- Partial List of Alkylphenol Ethoxylates2 ---
This list provides examples of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APE's), however it should not be
considered an exhaustive list of all APE's. The manufacturer is responsible for ensuring that the
ingredients in their product do not include any APE's.
CAS Number Chemical Name (s)
104-35-08 4-Nonylphenoxy ethanol
2315-61-9 p-Octylphenol diethoxylate
2315-62-0 p-Octylphenol ethoxylate
2315-63-1 p-Octylphenol ethoxylate
2315-64-2 p-Ocytlphenol ethoxylate
2315-67-5 2-(4-1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenoxy) ethanol
9002-93-1 p-tert-octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol
9014-92-0 Dodecylphenol ethoxylates
9016-45-9 Nonylphenol polyethylene oxide
9036-19-5 Octylphenoxypoly (ethoxyethanol)
26027-38-3 Nonoxynol-9
27986-36-3 Nonylphenol monoethoxylate
nonylphenoxyglycol
(nonylphenoxy)ethanol
68412-54-4 C9 Branched alkylphenol ethoxylate
68987-90-6 C8 Branched alkylephenol ethoxylate
1
Source: Environmentally Responsible Cleaning Products Bid, Contract Number 11399,
Washington State Departments of General Administration (OSP) and Ecology
2
Source: Environmentally Responsible Cleaning Products Bid, Contract Number 11399,
Washington State Departments of General Administration (OSP) and Ecology
APPENDIX C
Toronto Sewer Use By-law Review
Toronto Sewer Use By-law Overview:
The Toronto Sewer Use By-law (Chapter 681 of Toronto's Municipal Code) is
considered one of the most stringent sewer use by-laws in North America targeting
industry, commercial and institutional (IC&I) users. Adopted in 2000, the by-law places
strict requirements on IC&I effluents discharged into Toronto's municipal sewer system.
The Sewer Use By-law requires that "Industrial" discharges not exceed discharge limits
for specific subject pollutants. The term "Industrial" pertains to a broad range of users
and is defined in the by-law as:
INDUSTRIAL ?Of or pertaining to manufacturing, commercial, trade, business or
institutions as distinguished from domestic or residential.
Appendix A identifies specific industrial, commercial and institutional sectors that must
abide by the Sewer Use By-law by a designated date. The requirements include
meeting discharge limits set for specific subject pollutants and submitting a Pollution
Prevention (P2) Plan to the City's Commissioner by the date identified in Appendix A.
The By-law stipulates information required in the P2 plans. However, any IC&I entity
that discharges into Toronto sewers should abide by the discharge limits and comply
with P2 planning requirements, even though the individual sector may not be listed in
Appendix A of the By-law.
Specific Subject Pollutants:
In total, the Sewer Use By-law establishes discharge limits for 54 hazardous pollutants,
ranging from heavy metals to toxic chemicals. Apart from commonly targeted pollutants
(i.e. mercury, zinc, PCBs), Toronto's Sewer Use By-law has introduced new pollutants
to the list, which are the first to be introduced to a sewer use by-law in Canada. The
specific pollutants of interest include:
Subject Pollutant Limit (mg/L)
Nonylphenols 0.001
Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPE) 0.01
Alkylphenols 0.001
Alkyphenols ethoxylates (APE) 0.01
These subject pollutants are grouped under the term "Surfactant", which are among the
primary ingredients of detergents. Surfactants are suppose to increase the
biodegradability of products by using chemicals that reduce surface tension in water
and allow aqueous solutions to spread and penetrate more easily.
Nonyphenol Ethoxylates (NPEs) and Octylphenol Ethoxylates (OPEs) are members of
the Alkyl Phenol Ethoxylate (APE) family of surfactants, which appear in janitorial
products (NPEs) and hair colours/shampoos (OPEs). APEs are a petroleum-based
surfactant that is supposed to improve biodegradability of a product but has been
criticized for having poor biodegradability and for having hormone-disrupting effects on
wildlife.
The problem associated with APEs is that they persist in the environment and even in
very small amounts can damage the hormone systems of animals. It is strongly
suspected that humans eating these animals, or drinking from supply systems that draw
river water downstream of sewage treatment plants, will be harmed as well (Janitorial
Pollution Prevention Project website http://www.westp2net.org/Janitorial/tools/ape.htm)
According to a contact at the City of Toronto 3, City staff felt it important to target NPEs
and APEs, which have been found in Toronto's sewage treatment effluents and have
been recently added to Environment Canada's Priority Substance List for further testing.
The contact expects that under CEPA, the Federal Government will require
municipalities to submit pollution prevention plans for sewage treatment facilities in
order to reduce concentration of designated pollutants such as APEs (includes NPE and
OPE) from final sewage treatment effluents.
Potential Implications for PWGSC:
Toronto's Sewer Use By-law has potential implications on the operations of PWGSC
owned and managed facilities providing janitorial and maintenance services. It is not
uncommon for commercial/industrial strength janitorial and maintenance cleaners to
contain surfactants. Whether or not the products list the surfactants as a hazardous
ingredient depends on the manufacturer.
One of the potential problems facing users of janitorial cleaners and other maintenance
products is that an MSDS may not provide information about APEs contained in the
product. Companies providing MSDS are only obligated to list chemical ingredients
above 1% by weight. This translates to 1,000 mg/L below which the company is not
obligated to report the ingredient on the MSDS. According to the City of Toronto
contact, the user of a janitorial cleaner may exceed the Sewer Use By-law limit of 0.01
(NPE or APE) without even knowing it (the janitorial cleaner may contain between 0.01
to 1,000 mg/L APE or NPE, which will not appear on the MSDS).
As a best practice, the contact at the City of Toronto is recommending abiding by its
Sewer Use By-law and potentially submitting pollution prevention plans to the city if any
products exceed the limits set for designated pollutants. The City of Toronto has
distributed letters to its Toronto Facilities and Real Estate Department (which leases
and manages office space for City Departments and some City-owned buildings)
3
Victor Lim, Manager, Industrial Waste and Stormwater Quality, Water and Wastewater Division, Works and
Emergency Services, City of Toronto
advising it to "encourage landlords and external building management contractors to
follow the City's procurement policies (Toronto's Environmental Responsible
Procurement Policy) and by-laws (Toronto's Sewer Use By-law) when selecting
products for use".
Although the City of Toronto is the first community in Canada to add surfactants to the
list of specific subject pollutants in its Sewer Use By-law, other Canadian municipalities
are following suit. The following communities have adopted or are in the process of
adopting Toronto's list of specific subject pollutants into their sewer use bylaws:
? ?br>
City of Kingston Region of York
? ?br>
Region of Peel Region of Waterloo
? ?br>
Halton Region Halifax
? ?br>
Region of Durham Greater Vancouver Regional
? District
Region of Hamilton-Wentworth
Although these communities have no immediate plans to require pollution prevention
plans, the contacts feels that it is a matter of time before they will need to adopt the P2
planning policy, when/if CEPA requires P2 Plans for municipal treatment sewage
facilities.
Appendix D
Toxic Substances Management Policy, June 1995
Toxic Substances List - Updated Schedule 1 to May 9, 2001
1. Chlorobiphenyls that have the molecular formula C12H(10-n)Cln in which "n" is greater than
2
2. Dodecachloropentacyclo [5.3.0.02,6.03,9.04,8] decane
3. Polybrominated Biphenyls that have the molecular formula C12H(10-n)Brn in which "n" is
greater than 2
4. Chlorofluorocarbon: totally halogenated chlorofluorocarbons that have the molecular
formula CnC1xF(2n+2-x)
5. Polychlorinated Terphenyls that have a molecular formula C18H(14-n)Cln in which "n" is
greater than 2
6. Asbestos
7. Lead
8. Mercury
9. Vinyl Chloride
10. Bromochlorodifluoromethane that has the molecular formula CF2BrCl
11. Bromotrifluoromethane that has the molecular formula CF3Br
12. Dibromotetrafluoroethane that has the molecular formula C2F4Br2
13. Fuel containing toxic substances that are dangerous goods within the meaning of
section 2 of the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act, 1992 and that
a. are neither normal components of the fuel nor additives designed to improve the
characteristics or the performance of the fuel; or
b. are normal components of the fuel or additives designed to improve the
characteristics or performance of the fuels, but are present in quantities or
concentrations greater than those generally accepted by industry standards
14. Dibenzo-para-dioxin that has the molecular formula of C12H8O2
15. Dibenzofuran that has the molecular formula C12H8O
16. Polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins that have the molecular formula C12H(8-n)O2Cln in
which "n" is greater than 2
17. Polychlorinated dibenzofurans that have the molecular formula C12H(8-n)OCln in which "n"
is greater than 2
18. Tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride) CCl4
19. 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) CCl3-CH3
20. Bromofluorocarbons other than those set out in items 10 to 12
21. Hydrobromofluorocarbons that have the molecular formula CnHxFy Br(2n+2-x-y ) in which
0
22. Methyl Bromide
23. Bis(Chloromethyl) ether that has the molecular formula C2H4Cl2O
24. Chloromethyl methyl ether that has the molecular formula C2H5ClO
25. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons that have the molecular formula CnHxFy Cl(2n+2-x-y ) in which
0
26. Benzene that has the molecular formula C6H6
27. (4-Chlorophenyl)cyclopropylmethanone,O-[(4-nitrophenyl)methyl]oxime that has the
molecular formula C17H15ClN2O3
28. Inorganic arsenic compounds
29. Benzidine
30. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
31. Inorganic cadmium compounds
32. Chlorinated wastewater effluents
33. Hexavalent chromium compounds
34. Creosote-impregnated waste materials from creosote-contaminated sites
35. 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
36. 1,2-Dichloroethane
37. Dichloromethane
38. Effluents from pulp mills using bleaching
39. Hexachlorobenzene
40. Inorganic fluorides
41. Refractory ceramic fibre
42. Oxidic, sulphidic and soluble inorganic nickel compounds
43. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
44. Tetrachloroethylene
45. Trichloroethylene
46. Tributyltetradecylphosphonium chloride that has the molecular formula C26H56P?Cl
47. Bromochloromethane, that has the molecular formula CH2BrCl
48. Acetaldehyde, which has the molecular formula C2H4O
49. 1,3-Butadiene, which has the molecular formula C4H6
50. Acrylonitrile, which has the molecular formula C3H3N
51. Respirable particulate matter less than or equal to 10 microns
52. Acrolein, which has the molecular formula C3H4O
The Second Priority Substances List
53. Acetaldehyde
54. Acrolein
55. Acrylonitrile
56. Aluminum chloride, aluminum nitrate, aluminum sulphate
57. Ammonia in the aquatic environment
58. 1,3-Butadiene
59. Butylbenzylphthalate (BBP)
60. Carbon disulfide
61. Chloroform
62. N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF)
63. Ethylene glycol
64. Ethylene oxide
65. Formaldehyde
66. Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD)
67. Inorganic Chloramines
68. 2-Methoxy ethanol, 2-ethoxy ethanol, 2-butoxy ethanol
69. N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)
70. Nonylphenol and its ethoxylates (NPE)
71. Phenol
72. Releases from primary and secondary copper smelters and copper refineries
73. Releases from primary and secondary zinc smelters and zinc refineries
74. Releases of radionuclides from nuclear facilities (effects on non-human species)
75. Respirable particulate matter less than or equal to 10 microns
76. Road salts
77. Textile mill effluents
Janitorial Products Pollution Prevention Program (JP4)
Janitorial Products with the Following Ingredients to Avoid:
CAS Number Ingredient Name
00100-51-6 Benzyl Alcohol
00075-45-6 CFC-22; Chlorodifluoro Methane
68603-42-9 Coconut Oil Diethanolamine
00111-42-2 Diethanolamine
00075-68-3 HCFC-142b
00120-40-1 Lauric Acid Diethanolamine
00071-55-6 Methyl Chloroform; 1,1,1-TCE
00078-93-3 Methyl Ethyl Ketone
00091-20-3 Naphthalene
18662-53-8 Nitrilotriacetic Acid
00106-46-7 Paradichloro benzene
00127-18-4 Tetrachloroethylene; Perchloroethylene
00108-88-3 Toluene
Tributyl Tin
00079-01-6 Trichloroethylene
Janitorial Products with the Following Ingredients to Avoid if possible:
CAS Number Ingredient Name
00111-76-2 2-Butoxy Ethanol
00090-43-7 2-Phenyl Phenol
00067-64-1 Acetone
07664-41-7 Ammonia
01341-49-7 Ammonium Bifluoride
01336-21-6 Ammonium Hydroxide
00628-63-7 Amyl Acetate
00105-60-2 Caprolactam
00124-07-2 Caprylic Acid
00108-93-0 Cyclohexanol
00084-74-2 Dibutyl Phthalate
00112-34-5 Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether
07647-01-1 Hydrochloric Acid
07722-84-1 Hydrogen Peroxide
00079-14-1 Hydroxyacetic Acid
00141-43-5 Monoethanolamine
00110-91-8 Morpholine
00123-86-4 n-Butyl Acetate
09016-45-9 Nonyl Phenol Ethoxylate
09036-19-5 Octyl Phenol Ethoxylate
07664-38-2 Phosphoric Acid
26027-38-3 Polyethylene Monophenyl Ether
02893-78-9 Sodium Dichloro Isocyanurate
07681-51-9 Sodium Hypochlorite; Bleach
00102-71-6
Triethanolamine
00121-44-8 Triethylamine
08006-64-2 Turpentine
01330-20-7 Xylene
APPENDIX D
Janitorial Product Evaluation Form Page ___ of ___
Cleaning Product Purposes/ Frequency of Use Health Impacts MSDS How Disposed
Uses during Use available
(how often is it used)
(packaging and
(i.e. dizziness, eye
waste)
irritation)
(where is it used) (yes/no)
Cost Information Form Page ___ of ___
Cleaning Amount Cost per Unit Purchased in Purchased as Non- Annual Disposal
Product Purchased Concentrate form concentrate Costs
Annually ($) (Size litres) ($)
($)
Size Dilution ratio
Janitorial Services: Other Questions
1. What are the toughest cleaning challenges? Are they related to health concerns?
2. Are there opportunities to reduce the number of cleaners used by using one general
purpose for different cleaning jobs?
3. Accidents over the past year
Spills of cleaning products Type/amount/how spill happened
Injuries (# of incidents and total days lost)
Eye irritation/burn
Skin irritation/burn
Lung irritation/faintness
Cost due to injuries
total hour lost of janitorial time
Hourly wage of janitor
Total hour lost of supervisor time
Hourly wage of supervisor
Medical costs not covered by health care system
4. How are cleaning products stored?
5. Are product separated according to hazardous characteristics? (i.e. acids from bases
from reactives from flammables)
6. Are cleaning product properly labeled?
7. Are MSDS posted for all cleaning products in the storage room and easy to read?
8. Are spill kits available in the storage room? Have staff been trained in using them?
9. Has the Manager/Supervisor(s) had WHIMIS Training? How recently?
10. What type of training is provided to employees?
Mixing of products
Dilution of products
Use of products
WHMIS (reading MSDS)
11. Solid waste disposal costs for containers
12. Hazardous waste disposal costs
13. Storage and Handling costs
14. Annual training costs
NOTES:
MSDS Evaluation
Product Name
Manufacturer
MSDS Information
Date
Is MSDS complete?
List Hazardous Ingredients Listed as Toxic?
CAS Number Ingredient Name Track 1 Track 2 NPRI Other
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Volatile Organic Compounds Product Corrosivity
Are there VOCs? Product Corrosive?
(%) What is the pH?
Product Flammability Other Information
Product Flammable? WHMIS classification?
What is the Flash Point? Reactivity?
Health Hazards
Eye
Skin
Inhalation
Cancer
Other
Comments from staff about use of the product
dizziness
eye irritation
affects breathing
other
Priority
high
medium
low
Opportunities for Change Checklist
Have cleaning substances been removed and disposed of as hazardous waste or
appropriate means that are no in use?
Can the job can be completed by not using any or some hazardous cleaning
products?
Can cleaning products containing hazardous ingredients be substituted for non-
toxic cleaning products?
If the cleaner cannot be eliminated or substituted with a non-toxic cleaner can it
be substitute with a less toxic one?
Is the correct amount of cleaning product is being ordered (i.e. is the use of the
cleaner consistent with the requirement)?
Can you purchase the product in concentrate? Have you considered what
additional training of staff is required to ensure safe mixing, minimal exposure to
gases, and minimal spillage?
Can less of the cleaning product be used by not cleaning as often?
Can you use less of the cleaning product by diluting the cleaner more then
stipulated in the instructions?
Can you reduce the number of different cleaners used by using the one cleaner
for several cleaning tasks?
Do any of cleaning products exceed their expiry date before completely used up
(in which case they should be ordered in smaller quantities)?
Are any cleaning products sitting around unused for long periods of time (in which
case they should be ordered in smaller quantities)?
Product Evaluation Form
(Adapted from Janitorial Pollution Prevention Project (JP4)
Product Tested
Facility Information
1 How long did you test the product? less than 2 weeks 2 to 4 weeks more than 4 weeks
How well did this product clean (compared with
2 original)? well average poorly
How hard did you have to work with the product
3 (compared with original)? easier as expected harder
Did you have to clean with this product more than
4 expected? less than expected as expected more than expected
Did you have to use more of this product than was
5 recommended for the job? used less used recommended amount much more
dissatisfied with
6 What do staff think about the product? pleased with performance no difference performance
7 What do building occupants think about the product? pleased with product no comments dissatisfied with products
Did you experience any health problems from using minor irititants (sneezing, more significant problems
8 the product? no negative reactions dizziness) (describe)
Did you experience any cost savings from using the
9 product (compared with original)? more costs savings no cost savings higher costs
10 Is this product certified? Enviornmental Choice Green Seal other
11 Would you recommend this product to others? yes maybe no
Comments:
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