Underground Pipe Insulation
Corrosion Protection
MANUAL REGISTRATION
IN ORDER TO RECEIVE FUTURE LITERATURE, NEW
ENGINEERING MANUAL INSERTS, AND CAD DRAWING FILES,
AS THEY BECOME AVAILABLE, PLEASE FILL IN THE
FOLLOWING INFORMATION AND SEND / FAX THIS FORM BACK
TO THE ADDRESS / FAX NUMBER SHOWN BELOW.
ADDRESS & CONTACT
COMPANY NAME
PHONE
FAX
SALESPERSON _______________ DATE ________ E-MAIL __________________________________________
GROUP (CHECK BOX)
COLLEGE / UNIVERSITY COMMERCIAL
ENERGY COMPANY INDUSTRIAL
ENGINEERING FIRM MECHANICAL CONTRACTOR
FEDERAL AGENCY INSULATION CONTRACTOR
MILITARY BASE INSULATION DISTRIBUTOR
STATE AGENCY OTHER (FILL IN)
339 Changebridge Rd. - Suite 1B ?Pine Brook, NJ 07058
Phone: (973) 808 - 2255 ?(800) 343 - 4188
www.dritherm.com
Table of Contents
SECTION CONTENTS PAGE
Introduction
General Information / Company Information 1
Product Information 2
Technical Services / Product Warranty 3
Product Features 4
Packaging (50 lb. bags) 5
Packaging (Super Sacks) 6
MSDS (Page 1) 7
MSDS (Page 2) 8
Specifications
Physical Properties / Material Specifications 9
Product Limitations / System Design 10
System Design Specification 11 - 12
Terms and Explanations 13
Sample Specifications 14 - 16
Mechanical Design
Introduction 17
Thermal Expansion / Pipe Support Tables 18
Pipe Flexibility Chart ?90?Elbow 19
Pipe Flexibility Chart ?"Z" Bend 20
Pipe Flexibility Chart ?Expansion Loop 21
Anchor Selection Chart 22
Concrete Anchor Block Detail 23
Pipe Anchor Details 24
Pipe Guide Details 25
Permanent Pipe Support Details 26
Pipe Support Detail ?Threaded Rod 27
Pipe Support Detail ?Wire Loop 28
Pipe Support Detail ?Wood Blocks 29
Wall Entry Detail 30
Pipe Riser Detail 31
Insulation Design
Introduction 32
Pipe Data Chart 33
Insulation Envelope Dimensions 34
Insulation Volume Calculation 35
Mineral Fiber Cushion Chart 36
Formwork Detail Drawing 37 - 38
Insulation Envelope Backfill Requirements 39
Tank Insulation Drawing ?Isometric 40
Tank Insulation Drawing 41
Valve Box Detail 42
Thermal Barrier Detail 43
Volume Calculation Sheets 44 - 54
Product Installation
Suggested Installation Information 55 - 57
Introduction
General Information
Dritherm International, Inc. manufactures DriTherm? waterproof
underground pipe insulation and corrosion protection, for District
Energy projects. District Energy is defined as steam, condensate,
hot water, chill water, and compressed air, flowing between a
central source (powerplant) and end users (buildings/equipment).
The DriTherm?formula has been continuously manufactured since
1967, with over 4.5 million cubic feet (equivalent of over 300 miles
of piping) of product satisfactorily installed throughout North
America, South America, the Caribbean, North Africa, and Japan.
DriTherm?is manufactured at facilities that are ISO 9002 certified.
DriTherm?is manufactured and stock maintained at (6) facilities in
the United States, located in California, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa,
Massachusetts, and Texas. In Canada, DriTherm?is warehoused
and distributed in Montreal, Ottawa, and Winnipeg. Sufficient
DriTherm?to insulate and protect several hundred feet of
underground piping can be shipped to arrive anywhere in the
continental United States within (24) hours.
Company Information
Dritherm International, Inc.
339 Changebridge Rd. ?Suite 1B
Pine Brook, NJ 07058-9516
(800) 343-4188 / (973) 808-2255
(973) 808-2815 FAX
www.dritherm.com (web site)
info@dritherm.com (e-mail)
?2006 Dritherm International, Inc. - All Rights Reserved
No part of this manual may be reproduced without permission
DriTherm?is a registered trademark of Dritherm International, Inc.
Data contained herein subject to change without notice.
Not responsible for errors / omissions / accuracy of information contained herein.
Consult Dritherm International, Inc. for most current version of this manual.
1
Introduction
Product Information
DriTherm?provides both pipe insulation and corrosion protection to
underground pipes/tanks as a field applied system. DriTherm?is
installed directly from its packaging around underground piping to
form a dense, closed cell, barrier between the pipes and the
surrounding soil. Once installed to specified dimensions, the
product self compacts with the weight of backfill to form a strong
(12,000 psf) block of cohesively bonded particles that retard air,
water, moisture passage to the carrier piping.
DriTherm?is manufactured using only 100% Calcium Carbonate
particles, which have been chemically modified to completely repel
water / moisture. Each particle contains a cohesive surface, which
allows for a complete and enduring bond once installed and
backfilled. All DriTherm?particles are less than 5 micron in size.
One product insulates both hot and cold pipes. A free flowing self-
compacting material ?pour from bag / sack and backfill.
Completely inert ?will not affect piping materials. Cathodic
protection is not required to prevent pipe corrosion when piping is
installed in DriTherm? No maintenance is required after a
DriTherm?system is installed.
DriTherm?has been approved for new construction on military
bases and federal institutions by the following user agencies:
Corps of Engineers, Naval Facilities Engineering, Department of
the Air Force, and Veterans Administration.
2
Introduction
Technical Services
Complete engineering services are available including system
layout, component design, CAD drawings, computer generated
heat load calculations and start up training of installation crew.
The information contained in this manual is believed to be accurate
and reliable, and is being offered to assist system design
engineers. Ultimate responsibility for system and insulation design
is the responsibility of the system design engineer.
Product Warranty
Dritherm International, Inc. warrants for a period of one year after the date of
delivery that the products sold by Dritherm International, Inc. shall be of like
grade and quality to and in accordance with Dritherm International, Inc.'s
published data sheet for such products. Dritherm International, Inc. makes
no other warranties express or implied, makes no warranties or
representations of any kind with regard to installation or length of service life
and SPECIFICALLY EXCLUDES WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY AND ALL
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND OF FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE and makes no warranties beyond those contained
herein. If any of the products in any shipment does not conform to the
warranty contained herein, purchaser's sole remedy will be to notify Dritherm
International, Inc. of such nonconformity within fourteen (14) days of the
receipt of such product or within fourteen (14) days after such nonconformity
reasonably should have been discovered within the one-year warranty
period. Dritherm International, Inc. will at its option either promptly replace
the nonconforming product with a product which conforms to the warranty or
refund the purchase price of the nonconforming product. Dritherm
International, Inc. shall not be liable for damages of any kind arising from the
presence or use of the products delivered, whether used singularly or in
combination with other substances. Dritherm International, Inc. shall incur no
liability for the design, method or manner of installation and purchaser
specifically waives all claims therefor and agrees to indemnify and hold
Dritherm International, Inc. harmless from any and all liability, costs and
expenses (including reasonable attorney's fees) arising from the design,
method or manner of installation. No claim of any kind arising hereunder
shall be greater than, nor shall Dritherm International, Inc. in any event be
liable for, an amount in excess of the amount of the purchase price of the
products in respect of which such claim is made.
3
Product Features
?Continuously Manufactured since 1967
(SAME FORMULA)
?Available in 50 lb. bags or 40 CF Super Sacks
?Closed Cell: 100% Hydrophobic System Design
?Thermal Efficiency: 80 ?95%
?Temperature Range: -273 癋 (Cryogenic) to +480 癋
?One of the Lowest Life Cycle Installed Cost Systems
?Withstands 10-ft. hydrostatic head of water for minimum
of 14 days ?no moisture penetration
?4.5 MILLION CUBIC FEET satisfactorily installed on
(4) continents
?Ideal for New Piping Systems / Repairs / Tanks
?SELF-COMPACTING ?Pour from bag/sack and backfill.
Costly mechanical consolidation / vibration not required
?Completely Non Toxic / User Friendly / Environmentally Safe
4
Packaging (50 lb.Bags)
PALLETS CUBIC FEET BAGS WEIGHT (lb.)
1 37.5 45 2,250
2 75.0 90 4,500
3 112.5 135 6,750
4 150.0 180 9,000
5 187.5 225 11,250
6 225.0 270 13,500
7 262.5 315 15,750
8 300.0 360 18,000
9 337.5 405 20,250
10 375.0 450 22,500
11 412.5 495 24,750
12 450.0 540 27,000
13 487.5 585 29,250
14 525.0 630 31,500
15 562.5 675 33,750
16 600.0 720 36,000
17 637.5 765 38,250
18 675.0 810 40,500
19 712.5 855 42,750
20 750.0 900 45,000
Full truckload equals 750 cubic feet; 900 bags
MANUFACTURING FACILITIES / STOCK LOCATIONS
Adams, MA 01220 Marble Falls, TX 78654
Fort Dodge, IA 50501 Quincy, IL 62301
Lucerne Valley, CA 92356 Montreal, Canada H4S 1V8
Marblehill, GA 30145 Ottawa, Ontario K1T 3T7
Winnipeg, Manitoba R2L 1J3
5
Packaging (40 cubic feet sacks)
PALLETS CUBIC FEET SACKS WEIGHT (lb.)
1 40 1 2,400
2 80 2 4,800
3 120 3 7,200
4 160 4 9,600
5 200 5 12,000
6 240 6 14,400
7 280 7 16,800
8 320 8 19,200
9 360 9 21,600
10 400 10 24,000
11 440 11 26,400
12 480 12 28,800
13 520 13 31,200
14 560 14 33,600
15 600 15 36,000
16 640 16 38,400
17 680 17 40,800
18 720 18 43,200
19 760 19 45,600
20 800 20 48,000
Full truckload equals 760 CF (19 sacks) or 800 CF (20 sacks)
Super sacks come with a discharge chute and pick-up slings
MANUFACTURING FACILITIES
Adams, MA 01220 Marble Falls, TX 78654
Fort Dodge, IA 50501 Quincy, IL 62301
Lucerne Valley, CA 92356
Marblehill, GA 30145
6
Material Safety Data Sheet
SECTION 1 - PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION AND USE
Manufacturer's Name: Dritherm International, Inc. Telephone # (973) 808-2255
Address: 339 Changebridge Road ?Suite 1B CAS # 1317-650-3
Pine Brook, NJ 07058-9516
Product: DriTherm (Modified Calcium Carbonate)
Chemical Formula: CaCO3
SECTION 2 - HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS
Hazardous Materials Identification System Category Rating
Health Hazard 1
Flammability Hazard 0
Reactivity Hazard 0
Personal Protection E
Ingredients Percentage (w/w) CAS Number Exposure Limits
Calcium Carbonate >95-98 1317-650-3 ACGIHTLV: Total Dust 10.0 mg./m3
Respirable dust
5.0 mg / m3
OSHAPEL: Total dust 15 mg/m3
TWA Respirable dust
5.0 mg/m3 TWA
Magnesium Carbonate 1-2 546-93-0
Silica, quartz <0.2 1408-60-7 ACGIHTLV: 0.1 mg/m3 respirable
OSHAPEL: 0.1 mg/m3 Respirable
TWA
This product is surface treated with stearic acid (CAS#57-11-4)
SECTION 3 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Density (dry): 2.71 g/ml Specific Gravity (wet): N/A Reactivity in Water: NONE
Solubility in Water: NEGLIGIBLE Appearance and Odor: WHITE POWDER
SECTION 4 - FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA
Flash Point: NON-FLAMMABLE Special Firefighting Procedures: NONE Unusual Fire and Explosion
Hazards: NONE
SECTION 5 - REACTIVITY DATA
Stability: STABLE Hazardous Decomposition Products: NONE Hazardous Polymerization: WILL NOT OCCUR
7
Material Safety Data Sheet
SECTION 6 - TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND HEALTH HAZARD DATA
EFFECTS AND HAZARDS OF ACUTE OVEREXPOSURE
Effects and Hazards of Inhalation Can be irritating to the respiratory tract. Symptoms include sneezing and slight nose
irritation.
Effects and Hazards of Eye Contact Mild irritation. Symptoms include watering and irritation.
Effects and Hazards of Skin Contact No effect
Effects and Hazards of Ingestion Ingestion of very large quantities may result in intestinal obstruction and/or constipation.
Considered to be of very low toxicity.
EFFECTS AND HAZARDS OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE
IARC found limited evidence for human carcinogenicity of the crystalline silica ingredient only. Limited evidence means a "casual"
interpretation is credible, but alternative explanations such as chance, bias or confounding effects could not be adequately
excluded. The DriTherm product typically contains less than 1% by weight of crystalline silica. At the present level of expertise of
medical research, there is no direct evidence that crystalline silica at these levels in limestones constitutes a health risk.
SECTION 7 - PREVENTATIVE MEASURES
HANDLING If engineering controls and work practices are not effective in controlling exposure to the
material, then wear suitable personal protective equipment including NIOSH or OSHA
approved dust respirators.
STORAGE CONDITIONS Store in closed containers in a dry place separate from incompatible materials.
SPILL & LEAK PROCEDURES Respiratory protection should be worn by those in cleanup operation to protect from airborne
dust. Measures should be taken to reduce airborne dust during cleanup operations.
DISPOSAL Calcium carbonate is not a hazardous material under RCRA and may be disposed of as
industrial waste.
SECTION 8 - FIRST AID MEASURES
TREATMENT FOR INHALATION Remove source of contamination or move victim to fresh air. Obtain medical advice if
(Breathing) required.
TREATMENT FOR EYE CONTACT Immediately flush the contaminated eye(s) with lukewarm gently flowing water, for 10
minutes, by the clock, holding the eyelid(s) open. If irritation persists, obtain medical advice
immediately.
TREATMENT FOR SKIN CONTACT If irritation occurs, flush area with lukewarm, gently running water for at least 10-minutes. If
irritation persists, obtain medical advice immediately.
TREATMENT FOR INGESTION Never give anything by mouth if victim is rapidly losing consciousness or is unconscious or
(Swallowing) convulsing. Rinse mouth thoroughly with water. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Have victim
drink 8 to 10 oz. (240 to 300 ml) of water to dilute material in stomach. Obtain medical
advice immediately.
SECTION 9 - PREPARATION DATE OF MSDS
Prepared by: M.C. Musto The information contained herein has been compiled by technically knowledgeable personnel
Date: Nov 15, 2005 from sources which Dritherm International, Inc. considers reliable. This information is
accurate to the best of our knowledge. Before using this product the foregoing MSDS and
the product label should be read carefully. The information contained herein relates only to
the specific material indicated above and does not relate to use in combination with any other
material or in any process. Customers are encouraged to conduct their own tests concerning
the use of this product as the manner and conditions of use and handling may involve
additional considerations. Dritherm International, Inc. assumes no responsibility for any
damages, losses, injuries or consequential damages which may result from the use of
misuse of this product and the recipient assumes all such risks.
8
Specification
Physical Properties
Thermal Conductivity: (ASTM C177): K = 0.58
BTU/hrft2癋/in. (100癋), and 0.68 @ 300癋
Temperature Range: -273 to +480癋 (250篊).
Higher temperatures to 1000癋 possible ?consult manufacturer
Bulk Density: 60 lbs. per cubic foot (approx.)
Load Bearing: up to 12,000 lbs. per sq. ft
Electrical Resistivity: R = 1014 OHMS-CM
Dielectric Constant: 2.7
Moisture Resistance: withstands 10ft. Hydrostatic head of
water for minimum of 14 days with no moisture penetration.
Friction Coefficient: 0.35 ?0.04
Material Specification
Underground pipe insulation / corrosion protection product
consisting of 100 percent chemically modified calcium carbonate
particles, all less than 10 microns, which is manufacturer certified
to be waterproof. The particles shall cohesively bond with each
other to form a closed-cell compacted mass that will effectively
isolate pipe surfaces from air, water, moisture, and chemicals.
Material shall be inert, compatible with metals and plastics, and
shall not be affected by normal soil constituents. Material shall be
non-flammable, non-toxic, and meet OSHA safety standards.
Insulation manufacturer must provide documentation of completion
of Corps of Engineers 10-ft. head of water test (14 days - less than
1-% moisture gain). Insulation must be free flowing and self-
compacting.
9
Specification
Material Specification ?Product Limitation
DriTherm?is approved for Class C and D soil conditions as defined
by the Corps of Engineers. DriTherm?should not be used where
the permanent water table is expected to be above the base of the
trench, or where rapidly flowing water is expected to be in direct
contact, unless these conditions can be satisfactorily eliminated by
use of pumps, sub-drainage or other means. Sub-drainage, if
necessary, should be installed running parallel to the length of the
piping system. Design of drainage systems and materials used will
depend on the severity of the water conditions.
System Design Specification
Install a Class C Heat Distribution system consisting mechanical
piping which meets current ANSI specifications and is
encapsulated within 100 percent chemically modified calcium
carbonate particles. Except for pipes within manholes / vaults /
buildings, all underground piping shall be enclosed within
DriTherm? All underground piping, including penetrations through
building walls and manholes, shall be properly supported,
anchored and guided in accordance with the specifications
prepared by the system design engineer. Install mechanical
components in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations.
Cathodic Protection devices or systems are not required when
installing pipes/tanks in DriTherm?hydrophobic insulation. Verify
piping system has been tested and accepted.
Verify trenching dimension, including clearances under the piping
are as required to receive the DriTherm? Verify the base of the
trench contains un-disturbed earth. If fill dirt is required it must be
compacted to resemble original trench base conditions. Sand /
crushed stone / pea gravel is not allowed as trench base material
or backfill. Concrete shall be used under installations in areas
where soil conditions are so unstable as to warrant such use.
10
Specification
System Design Specification (continued)
Where expansion loops or changes in pipe direction are provided
to allow for pipe expansion, the piping shall first be wrapped at the
point of movement with a mineral fiber cushion material. This will
allow free movement of the pipes within the cushion once the
DriTherm?is in place and the system is in operation. The fiber
cushion shall be placed in accordance with dimensions shown in
the specifications and must not come in contact with earth, pipe
supports, anchors, guides or any other surface that makes direct
contact with the surrounding soil.
Pipe sleeves shall be used at wall entries and to guide pipe
movement parallel to the system. Sleeves must be of steel and
can be fabricated from the next larger pipe size than the carrier
pipe to allow for packing rings. Packing rings shall be installed
where carrier pipes pass through steel pipe sleeves. This will
support the pipe within the sleeve, to prevent abrasive wear of the
pipe surface, and to form a seal at wall entries. Mechanical Link
Belt type seals may be substituted for packing rings.
Supports, manholes, concrete, metal, etc., in contact with the
piping system and extending through and beyond the DriTherm?
shall be coated with a Bitumastic adhesive to prevent entrance of
water by capillary action. Bitumastic shall also be applied to
concrete surfaces used in conjunction with pipe supports, anchors
and guides in direct contact with the DriTherm? This coating shall
be applied just prior to installation of the DriTherm?and must be
sufficiently tacky to allow the DriTherm?to bond to it.
11
Specification
System Design Specification (continued)
Suitable side-forms shall be erected using drywall (sheetrock) or
plywood. Side-forms are not necessary where trenches can be dug
to specified dimensions. The DriTherm?is poured within the forms.
Make certain no voids exist beneath closely spaced pipes as the
DriTherm?is being installed. In order to provide additional support
and rigidity to the forms, earth backfill shall be placed on the
outside of the forms alternately with the pouring of the DriTherm?
Once the DriTherm?has been installed to specified dimensions,
polyfilm is placed over the top of the material. Temporary spacers
must be removed before the polyfilm is installed. Temporary pipe
supports, which support the pipe from grade level using threaded
rod or wire, must not be removed prior to 8 ?10 inches of backfill
placed over the DriTherm? Empty DriTherm?bags or sacks are
then placed over the polyfilm to protect the material during the
backfilling operation. Forms must be left in place.
Clean, soil backfill, free of large stones and debris, shall be placed
over the top of the empty bags. Sand / crushed stone / pea gravel
is not allowed as trench base material or backfill. The first 4 to 6
inches of earth cover shall be installed manually and/or gently,
from as close to pipe elevation as possible, to prevent
displacement of the forms. The total backfill requirement over the
DriTherm?shall be a minimum of 18 inches to insure proper
compaction. Where minimum soil backfill depths cannot be met, a
layer of earth followed by roadbed material and covered with
asphalt or concrete may be used, as long as a total weight of
approximately 100 lbs. per sq. ft. (psf) is achieved.
The contractor shall advise Dritherm International, Inc. of the time
and work schedule for installation sufficiently in advance to allow
Dritherm International, Inc., at its option, to observe the installation.
Consult product manufacturer for additional details and
specifications.
12
Specification
Terms / Explanations
Insulation Envelope ?The DriTherm?insulation surrounding the
pipeline or tank.
Forms ?Drywall (sheetrock) forms which are left in place.
Polyfilm ?4 to 6 mil common plastic sheeting.
Formwork Spacers ?Temporary spacers consisting of
dimensional lumber, plywood, or steel which are used to achieve
side (x) dimension, and which must be removed after installation of
DriTherm?and before backfilling.
Temporary Pipe Supports ?used to support the pipe system
before and during installation of DriTherm? and which must be
removed prior to backfilling.
Bitumastic ?a coal-tar product used to bond DriTherm?to
concrete / steel surfaces. Must be rated for temperature of pipe
system.
Silicone Grease ?a silicone product used instead of Bitumastic.
Must be rated for temperature of pipe system.
Mineral Fiber Cushion ?a flexible, 4 ?6 lb. density, mineral wool
or inorganic glass product. Sold in batt form or in pre-formed sizes
(pre-formed is recommended).
Packing Rope / Rings ?are fabricated from suitable material such
as silicone impregnated braided packing rope, or Teflon, able to
withstand the maximum operating temperatures of the system.
Dual Piping Systems ?where hot and cold pipes exist in a
common insulation envelope. Hot and cold pipes immediately
adjacent to each other are separated by insulation dimension (y)
sufficient to provide minimal energy transfer.
13
SAMPLE SPECIFICATION
SECTION 15261
UNDERGROUND PIPE INSULATION
Part-1 GENERAL
1.01 SECTION INCLUDES
A. Mineral powder pipe insulation
B. Accessories
1.02 SUBMITTALS
A. Product Data: Submit data on Hydrophobic underground pipe insulation.
B. Manufacturer's Installation Instructions.
1.03 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Advise insulation manufacturer of time and work schedule sufficiently in
advance to allow for observation.
B. Consult insulation manufacturer's technical manual for additional information.
1.04 QUALIFICATIONS
A. Installer: Company specializing in the work of this section with minimum
three years experience.
1.05 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING
A. Deliver, store and protect products.
Part-2 PRODUCTS
2.01 ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURER:
Dritherm International, Inc.
39 Changebridge Rd. - Suite 1B
Pine Brook, NJ 07058
(800) 343-4188 / (973) 808-2255
www.dritherm.com
2.02 INSULATION
A. Provide a Class C Heat Distribution system consisting of 100 percent chemically
modified calcium carbonate particles, all less than 10 microns, which is manufacturer
certified to be Hydrophobic. The particles shall cohesively bond with each other to form
a closed-cell compacted mass that will effectively isolate pipe surfaces from air,
water, moisture, and chemicals.
B. Material shall be inert, compatible with metals and plastics, and shall not be affected
by normal soil constituents.
UNDERGROUND PIPE INSULATION 15261-1
14
SAMPLE SPECIFICATION
C. Material shall be non-flammable, non-toxic, and meet OSHA safety standards.
D. Insulation manufacturer must provide documentation of completion of
Corps of Engineers 10 ft. head of water test (14 days - less than 1% moisture gain).
E. Insulation must be free flowing and self-compacting.
F. Physical Properties:
1. Thermal Conductivity: K = 0.58 Btu/hr.ft2 癋/in. @ 100 癋
K = 0.68 Btu/hr.ft2 癋/in. @ 300 癋
2. Temperature Range: Cryogenic (-273 癋) to 480 癋 (250 癈)
3. Bulk Density: 60 - 62 lbs. /cu. ft.
4. Load Bearing: Up to 12,000 lbs. / sq. ft.
5. Electrical Resistivity: R = 1014 Ohms/cm/cm
6. Dielectric Constant: 2.7
7. Friction Coefficient: 0.35 plus or minus 0.04
8. Waterproof: Certified 100% Hydrophobic
9. Vapor Barrier: Closed cell insulation - vapor proof to -273 癋
2.03 ACCESSORIES
A. Mineral Fiber Cushion: Flexible type, 4 ?6 lb. density ?mineral wool or inorganic
glass. Thickness as recommended by insulation manufacturer.
B. Polyethylene Sheet: 4 - 6 mil thick
C. Coatings:
1. For pipe temperature up to 400 癋:
Kop-Coat Super Service Black Bitumastic coal tar.
2. For pipe temperatures 400 degrees F and higher: Silicone Grease.
Part-3 EXECUTION
3.01 EXAMINATION
A. Verify trenching dimension including clearances under the piping are as required to
receive the work.
B. Verify the base of the trench contains un-disturbed earth. If fill dirt is required it must
be compacted to resemble original trench base conditions. Sand / crushed stone / pea
gravel is not allowed as trench base material or backfill.
UNDERGROUND PIPE INSULATION 15261-2
15
SAMPLE SPECIFICATION
C. Verify piping is supported, anchored and guided as specified
D. Verify piping systems have been tested and accepted.
3.02 INSTALLATION - GENERAL
A. Install products in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations.
3.04 MINERAL FIBER CUSHION
A. Where expansion loops or changes in pipe direction are provided to allow for pipe
expansion, wrap the piping at the point of movement with 4 to 6 lb. density mineral fiber
cushion to allow free movement of the pipes within the cushion. Place the fiber cushion
so as to not come in contact with earth, pipe supports, anchors, guides, or any other
surface that makes direct contact with the surrounding soil. Tape / tie mineral fiber
cushion in place.
B. Follow the insulation manufacturer's recommendations as to extent and thickness
of coverage.
C. Insulation dimensions are increased in mineral fiber cushion areas except for
the dimension between multiple pipes. Consult manufacturer for details.
3.05 COATINGS
A. Apply coatings to supports, manhole face, concrete, metal and other materials in
contact with the piping system that extend through and beyond the insulation, to prevent
entrance of water by capillary action. Apply coating to concrete surfaces used in
conjunction with pipe supports, anchors and guides in direct contact with the insulation.
Apply coating just prior to placing the insulation. Coating must be sufficiently tacky
to allow the insulation to bond to it.
3.06 INSULATION
A. Except for pipes within manholes and valve pits, encase all underground piping
with specified insulation.
B. Pour the insulation within the drywall forms. Make certain no voids exist beneath closely
spaced pipes ?knife if necessary. Provide additional support and rigidity to the forms
by placing earth backfill on the outside of the forms alternately with the placing of
the insulation.
C. Once the insulation has been installed to specified dimensions, place polyethylene
sheet over the top of the material. Place empty insulation bags or sacks over the
polyfilm to protect the material during the backfilling operation. Leave forms in place.
END OF SECTION
UNDERGROUND PIPE INSULATION 15261-3
16
Mechanical Design
Introduction
Mechanical pipeline design encompasses many issues involved
with the transportation of fluids. Of significant importance is the
arrangement of components in a system such that the dynamic
forces occurring when heated fluids pass though piping will be kept
in equilibrium.
Thermal expansion is a function of the temperature of a piping
system - the hotter the pipe the more it will expand. Thermal
expansion in piping systems are resolved in one of three (3) ways
- expansion loops, z bends, expansion joints, or through a
combination of these. Expansion loops are the most common
means of controlling thermal expansion and basically consist of
four (4) 90?elbows connected by straight lengths of pipe to form a
"U". As the pipe expands and contracts the "legs" of the expansion
loop flex to take up or release the pipe growth. Z bends operate in
a similar fashion and are considered to be a half of an expansion
loop. Expansion joints allow thermal expansion to be absorbed in
a mechanical component.
Pipe anchors are designed to withstand the force of thermal
expansion so that pipe growth is directed into expansion loop, z
bend, or expansion joint. Through a combination of steel and
concrete, the resistant force of thermal expansion is directed
against un-disturbed earth, thus creating a pipe anchor. Typically
pipe anchors are placed at building / manhole entries to limit
movement into those structures. When expansion devices are
used, anchors are typically placed in the middle of long pipe runs
so that the pipe expansion is directed into the expansion device,
which must be housed in a manhole/vault.
Pipe guides are designed to allow pipes to slide through them with
minimal resistance while they are expanding / contracting, while
maintaining them in their intended plane. Typically pipe guides are
placed at 90?elbows or every 50-ft. apart.
The following pages offer the system Design Engineer information
intended to aid in the design of an underground piping system.
This information is not intended to be used for construction unless
approved the Design Engineer of record.
17
Mechanical Design
THERMAL EXPANSION AND
PIPE SUPPORT SPACING TABLES
THERMAL EXPANSION OF PIPE IN INCHES PER 100 FEET
TEMPERATURE = (OPERATING TEMPERATURE - INSTALLED TEMPERATURE)
SATURATED STEAM CARBON &
TEMPERATURE
VACUUM IN HG BELOW CARBON 4-6% Cr 12% Cr 18 Cr-8 Ni
212癋, PRESSURE PSI DEGREES CAST MOLYB- WROUGHT ALLOY STAINLESS STAINLESS ALUMINUM
GAUGE ABOVE 212癋. FAHRENHEIT IRON DENUM IRON STEEL STEEL STEEL COPPER BRASS 2-S MONEL
-200 -1.058 -1.53
-1.282 -1.289 -1.250 -2.69
-2.030
-1.170 -1.955 -2.065
-180 -0.982 -1.40
-1.176 -1.183 -2.44
-1.150 -1.850
-1.070 -1.782 -1.890
-160 -0.891 -1.27
-1.066 -1.073 -1.030 -2.18
-1.670
-0.970 -1.612 -1.705
-140 -0.797 -1.12
-0.948 -0.955 -0.970 -1.93
-1.480
-0.870 -1.428 -1.508
-120 -0.697 -0.98
-0.826 -0.833 -0.800 -1.67
-1.300
-0.750 -1.235 -1.308
-100 -0.593 -0.698 -0.705 -0.700 -1.40
-1.090
-0.630 -1.040 -1.098 -0.82
-80 -0.481 -0.563 -0.570 -0.550 -1.12
-0.880
-0.520 -0.835 -0.888 -0.68
-60 -0.368 -0.428 -0.435 -0.430 -0.85
-0.670
-0.400 -0.630 -0.673 -0.51
-40 -0.248 -0.288 -0.295 -0.290 -0.58
-0.270 -0.450 -0.421 -0.452 -0.35
-20 -0.127 -0.145 -0.152 -0.145 -0.28
-0.130 -0.225 -0.210 -0.227 -0.18
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
20 0.128 0.148 0.188 0.140 0.32
0.140 0.223 0.238 0.233 0.20
32 0.209 0.230 0.280 0.234 0.50
0.234 0.356 0.366 0.373 0.30
29.39 40 0.270 0.300 0.350 0.280 0.63
0.280 0.446 0.451 0.466 0.37
60 0.410 0.448 0.540 0.430 0.93
0.430 0.669 0.684 0.690 0.55
28.89 80 0.550 0.580 0.710 0.500 1.24
0.550 0.892 0.896 0.920 0.74
27.99 100 0.680 0.887
0.753 0.650 0.690 0.92
1.115 1.134 1.150 1.53
26.48 120 0.830 0.910 1.058 0.800 1.84
0.820 1.338 1.366 1.390 1.11
24.04 140 0.970 1.064 1.240 0.950 2.15
0.960 1.545 1.590 1.625 1.30
20.27 160 1.110 1.200 1.420 1.100 2.46
1.090 1.784 1.804 1.865 1.50
14.63 180 1.240 1.360 1.580 1.250 2.77
1.230 2.000 2.051 2.100 1.70
6.45 200 1.390 1.750
1.520 1.400 3.08
1.380 2.230 2.296 2.340 1.88
0 212 1.480 1.610 1.870 1.500 1.460 3.28 2.00
2.361 2.428 2.467
2.5 220 1.530 1.680 1.940 1.550 1.510 3.41 2.07
2.460 2.516 2.580
10.3 240 1.670 1.840 2.120 1.720 1.650 3.73 2.27
2.680 2.756 2.830
20.7 260 1.820 2.300 1.880
2.020 1.790 2.47
2.985 3.070 4.07
2.920
34.5 280 1.970 2.470 2.050
2.180 1.930 4.40 2.66
3.150 3.218 3.315
52.3 300 2.130 2.670 2.200
2.350 2.080 4.74 2.87
3.390 3.461 3.565
74.9 320 2.268 2.850 2.370
2.530 2.220 5.10 3.07
3.615 3.696 3.820
103.3 340 2.430 3.040 2.530
2.700 2.360 3.941 4.065 5.43 3.27
3.840
138.3 360 2.590 3.230 2.700
2.880 2.510 5.78 3.48
4.100 4.176 4.350
180.9 380 2.750 3.425 2.860
3.060 2.670 6.13 3.70
4.346 4.424 4.610
232.4 400 2.910 3.620 3.010
3.230 2.820 6.47 3.91
4.580 4.666 4.870
293.7 420 3.090 3.820 3.180
3.421 2.980 6.84 4.12
4.800 4.914 5.150
366.1 440 3.250 3.595 4.020 3.350 3.130 4.34
5.050 5.154 5.400 7.19
451.3 460 3.410 4.200
3.784 3.530 3.290 4.56
5.300 5.408 5.680 7.55
550.3 480 3.570 4.400
3.955 3.700 3.450 4.78
5.540 5.651 5.950 7.90
664.3 500 3.730 4.600
4.151 3.860 3.600 4.99
5.800 5.906 6.220 8.25
795.3 520 3.900 4.342 4.810 4.040 3.760 5.23
6.050 6.148 6.500 8.61
945.3 540 4.080 4.525 5.020 4.200 3.930 5.45
6.280 6.410 6.780 8.98
RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM PIPE SUPPORT SPACING
(MAX. 1,500 PSI STRESS,1/8-IN DEFLECTION, WATER FILLED PIPE)
5"
3" 6" 8" 10" 16" 18" 20"
NOMINAL PIPE SIZE 1 1/2" 2 1/2" 3 1/2" 4"
1" 2" 12" 14" 24"
9' 10' 13' 16' 19' 23' 25' 28' 30' 32'
STEEL PIPE 7' 11' 12' 14' 17' 22' 27'
- - - - -
6' 8' 8' 9' 10' 13' 16' 18' 19'
COPPER TUBE 11' 12' 14'
18
Mechanical Design
PIPE FLEXIBILITY CHART
(90?ELBOW)
LONG LEG
MINIMUM
REQUIRED
DISTANCE
BLDG.
REQUIRED
DISTANCE
MINIMUM
PIPE GUIDE
ANCHOR
SHORT LEG
PIPE GUIDE
ANCHOR
BLDG.
MINIMUM REQUIRED DISTANCE
FOR PIPE GUIDES NOTES:
EXPANSION OF LONGEST LEG 1. CALCULATE EXPANSION OF LONGEST LEG.
PIPE
SIZE 1" 1 1/2" 2" 2 1/2" 3" 3 1/2" 4" 4 1/2" 5"
2. FIND MINIMUM REQUIRED DISTANCE FOR THIS
1" 7' 8' 10' 10' 11' 12' 13' 14' 14'
AMOUNT OF EXPANSION FROM THE CHART.
1 1/2" 8' 10' 11' 12' 13' 14' 15' 16' 17' THIS REPRESENTS THE MINIMUM REQUIRED
2" 8' 11' 13' 15' 16' 17' 18' 19' 20' DISTANCE FOR PIPE GUIDES ON EACH SIDE
OF ELBOW.
2 1/2" 9' 12' 14' 16' 17' 18' 19' 21' 22'
3" 10' 13' 15' 17' 18' 20' 21' 22' 23' 3. DIMENSIONS SHOWN ARE FOR ASTM A53
3 1/2" 11' 14' 16' 18' 19' 21' 21' 23' 24' Gr. B, STD. WT., SEAMLESS PIPE. THESE ARE
THE MINIMUM FOOTAGE'S REQUIRED TO MEET
4" 11' 14' 16' 18' 19' 22' 22' 24' 25'
THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE STRESS. FOR
5" 12' 15' 17' 19' 21' 23' 25' 27' 28'
LOWER STRESS LEVELS, ADD MORE
6" 13' 16' 19' 21' 23' 25' 27' 29' 31' FOOTAGE. ADJUST DIMENSIONS FOR
8" 18' 20' 22' 25' 27' 29' 31' 33' 35' OTHER PIPE MATERIALS AND/OR GREATER
WALL THICKNESS.
10" 20' 23' 26' 28' 30' 33' 35' 38' 40'
12" 22' 26' 29' 32' 34' 37' 40' 43' 45'
14" 22' 26' 30' 33' 36' 39' 41' 43' 45'
16" 23' 28' 32' 35' 39' 41' 44' 46' 48'
18" 25' 30' 34' 38' 41' 44' 46' 49' 51'
20" 26' 31' 36' 40' 43' 46' 49' 51' 54'
24" 28' 34' 39' 43' 47' 50' 53' 56' 59'
19
Mechanical Design
PIPE FLEXIBILITY CHART
("Z" BEND)
ANCHOR TO ANCHOR EXPANSION
ANCHOR MINIMUM MINIMUM
REQUIRED REQUIRED
DISTANCE DISTANCE
BLDG. DISTANCE
MINIMUM
OFFSET
ANCHOR
PIPE GUIDE
BLDG.
PIPE GUIDE
MINIMUM REQUIRED DISTANCE
FOR PIPE GUIDES AND OFFSET
NOTES: EXPANSION ANCHOR TO ANCHOR
PIPE
1. CALCULATE TOTAL EXPANSION ANCHOR SIZE 1" 1 1/2" 2" 2 1/2" 3" 3 1/2" 4" 4 1/2" 5"
TO ANCHOR.
1" 4' 5' 6' 6' 7' 7' 8' 8' 9'
1 1/2" 5' 6' 7' 8' 9' 10' 10' 11' 11'
2. FIND MINIMUM REQUIRED DISTANCE FOR
2" 6' 7' 9' 10' 11' 12' 12' 13' 14'
THIS AMOUNT OF EXPANSION FROM THE
CHART. THIS REPRESENTS THE MINIMUM 2 1/2" 6' 8' 9' 10' 11' 12' 13' 14' 15'
REQUIRED DISTANCE FOR PIPE GUIDES ON
3" 7' 9' 10' 12' 13' 14' 15' 16' 17'
EACH SIDE OF THE "Z" BEND AND ALSO THE
3 1/2" 7' 9' 11' 12' 13' 15' 16' 17' 18'
MINIMUM OFFSET DISTANCE.
4" 8' 10' 11' 13' 14' 16' 17' 18' 19'
3. THE MINIMUM REQUIRED DISTANCE CHART 5" 8' 10' 12' 14' 16' 17' 19' 20' 21'
ALSO REPRESENTS THE MINIMUM
6" 9' 11' 13' 15' 17' 19' 20' 22' 23'
DISTANCE FROM ANCHORS TO OFFSET.
8" 9' 12' 14' 17' 19' 20' 22' 24' 25'
10" 10' 13' 16' 18' 20' 23' 25' 27' 28'
4. DIMENSIONS SHOWN ARE FOR ASTM A53
Gr. B, STD. WT., SEAMLESS PIPE. THESE ARE 12" 11' 14' 17' 20' 22' 24' 26' 28' 30'
THE MINIMUM FOOTAGE'S REQUIRED TO MEET
14" 15' 18' 21' 23' 25' 27' 29' 30' 32'
THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE STRESS. FOR
16" 16' 19' 22' 24' 27' 29' 31' 32' 34'
LOWER STRESS LEVELS, ADD MORE
18" 17' 20' 23' 26' 28' 30' 32' 34' 36'
FOOTAGE. ADJUST DIMENSIONS FOR
OTHER PIPE MATERIALS AND/OR GREATER 20" 18' 21' 24' 27' 30' 32' 34' 36' 38'
WALL THICKNESS. 24" 19' 23' 26' 30' 32' 35' 37' 40' 42'
20
Mechanical Design
PIPE FLEXIBILITY CHART
(EXPANSION LOOP)
ANCHOR TO ANCHOR EXPANSION
"L"/2
(MIN.)
ANCHOR ANCHOR
(MIN.)
(MIN.)
"L"
"L"
BLDG. BLDG.
MOMENT MOMENT
PIPE PIPE
GUIDE GUIDE
12'-6" 12'-6"
MINIMUM EXPANSION LOOP "L"
NOTES:
1. CALCULATE TOTAL EXPANSION EXPANSION ANCHOR TO ANCHOR
PIPE
ANCHOR TO ANCHOR. SIZE 1" 2" 3" 4" 5" 6" 7" 8" 9" 10"
1" 3' 4' 5' 5' 6' 7' 7' 8' 8' 9'
2. FIND MINIMUM REQUIRED "L" FOR
1 1/2" 3' 5' 6' 7' 8' 9' 9' 10' 11' 12'
THIS AMOUNT OF EXPANSION FROM
2" 4' 5' 7' 8' 9' 10' 11' 12' 13' 14'
THE CHART. THIS REPRESENTS THE
MINIMUM REQUIRED EXPANSION LOOP 2 1/2" 4' 6' 7' 8' 9' 10' 11' 12' 13' 14'
SIZE.
3" 4' 6' 8' 9' 11' 12' 13' 14' 15' 16'
3 1/2" 4' 6' 8' 10' 11' 12' 14' 15' 16' 17'
3. DIMENSIONS SHOWN ARE FOR ASTM 4" 5' 7' 9' 11' 12' 14' 15' 16' 18' 19'
A53 Gr. B, STD. WT., SEAMLESS PIPE.
5" 5' 8' 10' 12' 14' 16' 17' 19' 20' 22'
THESE ARE THE MINIMUM FOOTAGE'S
6" 5' 9' 11' 13' 15' 17' 19' 21' 22' 24'
REQUIRED TO MEET THE MAXIMUM
ALLOWABLE STRESS. FOR LOWER 8" 6' 9' 12' 15' 17' 19' 21' 23' 25' 27'
STRESS LEVELS, ADD MORE FOOTAGE. 10" 6' 9' 13' 16' 19' 21' 23' 25' 27' 29'
ADJUST DIMENSIONS FOR OTHER PIPE
12" 6' 10' 13' 17' 20' 22' 25' 27' 29' 31'
MATERIALS AND/OR GREATER WALL
14" 7' 11' 14' 18' 21' 23' 26' 28' 30' 32'
THICKNESS.
16" 8' 12' 15' 19' 22' 24' 27' 29' 31' 33'
18" 9' 13' 16' 20' 23' 25' 28' 30' 32' 33'
20" 10' 14' 17' 21' 24' 26' 29' 31' 33' 35'
24" 12' 15' 18' 22' 25' 27' 30' 32' 34' 36'
21
Mechanical Design
ANCHOR SELECTION
CHART
DIST. 1 DIST. 1
DIST. 2
(80' MAX) (80' MAX)
GUIDES GUIDES
LINE 1
BLDG. LINE 2
INTERMEDIATE
ANCHORS
END ANCHORS
SYSTEM CONTINUATION
PIPE SIZE SQ FT FACTOR END ANCHOR SIZING:
1. CALCULATE UNBALANCED SURFACE AREA:
PIPE SQ. FT.
SIZE FACTOR (DIST. 1) x (LINE 1 PIPE SIZE SQ FT FACTOR) = LINE 1 SQ FT REQ'D
1" 0.3 (DIST. 1) x (LINE 2 PIPE SIZE SQ FT FACTOR) = LINE 2 SQ FT REQ'D
1 1/2" 0.5 (DIST. 1) x ( NEXT LINE ) = NEXT SQ FT REQ'D
2" 0.6
MIN. SQ FT ANCHOR SIZE = TOTAL SQ FT REQ'D
2 1/2" 0.7
3" 0.9 2. SELECT CONCRETE ANCHOR BLOCK THAT EXCEEDS TOTAL
3 1/2" 1.1 SQ FT REQ'D.
4" 1.2
5" 1.5
INTERMEDIATE ANCHOR SIZING:
6" 1.7
8" 2.3 1. CALCULATE DIST. 1 REQ'D SURFACE AREA:
10" 2.8 (DIST. 1) x (LINE 1 PIPE SIZE SQ FT FACTOR) = LINE 1 SQ FT REQ'D
12" 3.3 (DIST. 1) x (LINE 2 PIPE SIZE SQ FT FACTOR) = LINE 2 SQ FT REQ'D
14" 3.7 (DIST. 1) x ( NEXT LINE ) = NEXT SQ FT REQ'D
16" 4.2
DIST. 1 SQ FT REQ'D = TOTAL SQ FT REQ'D
18" 4.7
2. CALCULATE DIST. 2 REQ'D SURFACE AREA:
20" 5.2
(DIST. 2) x (LINE 1 PIPE SIZE SQ FT FACTOR) = LINE 1 SQ FT REQ'D
24" 6.3
(DIST. 2) x (LINE 2 PIPE SIZE SQ FT FACTOR) = LINE 2 SQ FT REQ'D
(DIST. 2) x ( NEXT LINE ) = NEXT SQ FT REQ'D
DIST. 2 SQ FT REQ'D = TOTAL SQ FT REQ'D
3. MIN. SQ FT REQ'D IS THE LARGER OF:
(TOTAL DIST. 1 SQ FT REQ'D) - (TOTAL DIST. 2 SQ FT REQ'D)
OR (0.33) * (LARGER OF DIST. 1 OR DIST. 2 TOTAL SQ FT REQ'D)
4. SELECT CONCRETE ANCHOR BLOCK THAT EXCEEDS TOTAL
SQ FT REQ'D.
22
Mechanical Design
CONCRETE ANCHOR
BLOCK DETAIL
ANCHOR
NOTE 3
CARRIER CARRIER
PIPE PIPE
REBAR
NOTE 3 ANCHOR
D
L W
CONCRETE
ANCHOR
BLOCK
CONCRETE ANCHOR
BLOCK SCHEDULE
SQ. FT REBAR REBAR
ANCHOR L W D
SIZE AREA NO. / SIDE SIZE
1 60 28" 15" 16" 4 3
2 100 36" 15" 20" 6 3
3 160 44" 18" 24" 8 3
4 220 52" 21" 28" 10 3
5 300 60" 24" 32" 8 4
6 400 68" 27" 36" 10 4
7 500 76" 30" 40" 12 4
8 600 84" 33" 44" 16 4
9 750 92" 36" 48" 12 5
10 900 100" 39" 52" 14 5
11 1050 108" 42" 56" 16 5
12 1250 116" 45" 60" 20 5
NOTES:
1.) CONCRETE BLOCK DIMENSIONS BASED ON SOIL BEARING CAPACITY
OF 2500 PSF.
2.) PLACE HALF OF REBAR IN TOP 1/3 OF CONCRETE BLOCK.
3.) COAT WITH BITUMASTIC OR SILICONE GREASE IMMEDIATELY PRIOR TO
DRITHERM INSTALLATION.
23
Mechanical Design
PIPE ANCHOR
DETAILS L
ANCHOR CHANNEL "C"
KNEE
BRACE
CARRIER CARRIER
"K"
PIPE PIPE
NOTE 3
FILLET WELD
X
"W" (TYP)
ANCHOR
POST "A"
6"
CONCRETE
ANCHOR
BLOCK
END ANCHOR DATA INTERMEDIATE ANCHOR DATA
NOMINAL WELD NOMINAL WELD
CHANNEL POST BRACE CHANNEL POST BRACE
L L
PIPE SIZE "C" "A" "K" "W" PIPE SIZE "C" "A" "K" "W"
1" NR - S3x5.7 NR 1/4" 1" NR - S3x5.7 NR 1/4"
1 1/2" NR - S3x5.7 NR 1/4" 1 1/2" NR - S3x5.7 NR 1/4"
2" NR - S5x10 NR 1/4" 2" NR - S4x7.7 NR 1/4"
2 1/2" NR - S5x10 NR 1/4" 2 1/2" NR - S5x10 NR 1/4"
3" NR - S6x12.5 NR 1/4" 3" NR - S5x10 NR 1/4"
3 1/2" NR - S6x12.5 NR 1/4" 3 1/2" NR - S6x12.5 NR 1/4"
4" C4x5.4 26" S5x12.5 2 1/2" OD 1/4" 4" NR - S6x12.5 NR 1/4"
5" C5x6.7 28" S6x17.5 2 1/2" OD 5/16" 5" NR - S7x15.3 NR 1/4"
6" C5x6.7 30" S6x17.5 3" OD 5/16" 6" NR - S8x18.4 NR 1/4"
8" C7x9.8 34" S8x23 4" OD 5/16" 8" C7x9.8 26" S5x10 2 1/2" OD 1/4"
10" C8x11.5 38" S10x35 5" OD 5/16" 10" C8x11.5 30" S6x12.5 3" OD 5/16"
12" C10x15.3 40" S10x35 6" OD 5/16" 12" C10x15.3 34" S7x15.3 4" OD 5/16"
14" C10x15.3 44" S12x31.8 W5x19 3/8" 14" C10x15.3 38" S7x15.3 4" OD 5/16"
16" C12x20.7 52" S12x40.8 W6x25 3/8" 16" C12x20.7 42" W8x18 5" OD 5/16"
18" C12x20.7 62" S15x42.9 W6x25 3/8" 18" C12x20.7 46" W8x21 5" OD 5/16"
20" C12x20.7 72" S15x42.9 W6x25 3/8" 20" C12x20.7 50" W8x21 6" OD 5/16"
NOTE 1 NOTE 1 NOTE 1 NOTE 1 NOTE 1 NOTE 1 NOTE 1 NOTE 1 NOTE 1 NOTE 1
24" 24"
NOTES:
1.) CONTACT DRITHERM FOR INFORMATION
2.) X - DIMENSION FROM DRITHERM ENVELOPE DIMENSIONS.
3.) COAT WITH BITUMASTIC OR SILICONE GREASE IMMEDIATELY PRIOR TO
DRITHERM INSTALLATION.
24
Mechanical Design
PIPE GUIDE
DETAIL
ALTERNATE GUIDE
LOCATIONS ALONG
PIPE SUPPORT FOR
PIPE GUIDE ANGLE
MULTIPLE PIPES.
(FULLY WELDED TO
SUPPORT BEAM)
1/8"
GAP NOTE 2
PIPE PIPE
NOTE 2
3/4" DIA. BAR
3/4" DIA. BAR
SUPPORT BEAM
1/8" 1/8" (NOTE 3) CONCRETE
GAP GAP
SUPPORT
BLOCK
(NOTE 3)
PIPE GUIDE
SCHEDULE
PIPE ANGLE
SIZE SIZE
1" 1" x 1" x 1/4"
1.5" 1" x 1" x 1/4"
2" 1" x 1" x 1/4"
2.5" 1" x 1" x 1/4"
3" 1 1/2" x 1 1/2" X 1/4"
3.5" 1 1/2" x 1 1/2" X 1/4"
4" 1 1/2" x 1 1/2" X 1/4"
5" 2 1/2" x 2 1/2" x 1/4"
6" 2 1/2" x 2 1/2" x 1/4"
8" 2 1/2" x 2 1/2" x 1/4"
10" 2 1/2" x 2 1/2" x 1/4"
12" 2 1/2" x 2 1/2" x 1/4"
14" 3" x 3" x 5/16"
16" 3" x 3" x 5/16"
18" 3" x 3" x 5/16"
20" 3" x 3" x 5/16"
24" 3" x 3" x 5/16"
NOTES:
1.) GUIDE GAPS ARE TO PIPE O.D., NOT INSULATION O.D..
2.) COAT WITH BITUMASTIC OR SILICONE GREASE IMMEDIATELY PRIOR TO
DRITHERM INSTALLATION.
3.) SEE PIPE SUPPORT DETAIL DRAWING FOR SUPPORT BEAM AND
CONCRETE BLOCK SIZING.
25
Mechanical Design
PERMANANT PIPE SUPPORT DETAIL
Recommended for size 14" pipe and above
L
(2 ) "X 1" * (2) "X 2"
"X 1" "X 2"
4" 4"
3/4" DIA. ROUND
DRYWALL CARRIER
BAR (WELDED TO
CARRIER
PIPE 1
FORMS PIPE 2
BEAM)
NOTE 5
BEAM
3/4" DIA. ROUND BAR
CONCRETE SUPPORT BLOCK
(WELDED TO BEAM)
NOTE 5
BEAM X
H
W
PIPE SUPPORT
SCHEDULE
DRITHERM
ENVELOPE
BEAM
"X" L W H
DIM. SIZE
3" W6x15.5 * 12" 6"
4" W8x28 * 15" 8"
5" W10x39 * 18" 10"
6" W12x27 * 18" 12"
NOTES:
1.) DRITHERM ENVELOPE "X" DIM. DETERMINED BY PIPE SIZE (SEE CHART)
7" W14x34 * 18" 14"
2.) * = LENGTH TO BE CALCULATED BASED ON PIPE SIZE AND SPACING.
8" W16x40 * 18" 16"
3.) SUPPORT DESIGN BASED ON 2500 PSF SOIL BEARING CAPACITY.
9" W18x50 * 18" 18"
4.) CONCRETE SHALL BE 3000 PSI MINIMUM.
5.) COAT WITH BITUMASTIC OR SILICONE GREASE IMMEDIATELY PRIOR TO
10" W21x62 * 18" 21"
DRITHERM INSTALLATION.
26
Mechanical Design
TEMPORARY SUPPORT DETAIL (THREADED ROD)
Recommended for size 12" pipe and below
WINGNUT (OR REGULAR NUT)
TEMPORARY SUPPORT BEAM
FILL WITH DRITHERM
EMPTY DRITHERM BAGS
THREADED ROD
(SEE NOTE 2)
POLYFILM
NUT (TACK
WELDED
TO PIPE)
DRYWALL FORMS
(IF NEEDED)
CARRIER CARRIER
PIPE PIPE
NOTES:
1.) SELECT SUITABLE SIZED TEMPORARY SUPPORT BEAM ACROSS TRENCH.
2.) TACK WELD SUITABLE SIZE NUT TO TOP OF PIPE.
3.) RUN SUITABLE SIZE THREADED ROD INTO NUT AND THRU SUPPORT.
4.) ALLOW THREADED ROD TO PASS BEYOND SUPPORT BEAM AND FASTEN
WITH WINGNUT. RAISE AND LOWER PIPE TO DESIRED ELEVATION.
5.) INSTALL DRYWALL FORMS, DRITHERM, POLYFILM, AND LAYER OF EMPTY
DRITHERM BAGS / SACKS.
6.) BACKFILL AT LEAST 10 INCHES BEFORE REMOVING THREADED ROD.
THREADED ROD MUST BE REMOVED.
7.) RE-USE THREADED ROD ON NEXT SECTION OF TRENCH.
27
Mechanical Design
TEMPORARY SUPPORT DETAIL (WIRE LOOPS)
Recommended for size 12" pipe and below
TEMPORARY SUPPORT BEAM
FILL WITH DRITHERM
EMPTY DRITHERM BAGS
POLYFILM
MILD STEEL WIRE
(SEE NOTE 2)
DRYWALL FORMS
(IF NEEDED)
CARRIER CARRIER
PIPE PIPE
NOTES:
1.) SELECT SUITABLE SIZED TEMPORARY SUPPORT BEAM ACROSS TRENCH.
2.) PLACE SUITABLE SIZED MILD STEEL WIRE AROUND PIPE.
3.) TWIST WIRE ABOVE WOOD/STEEL SUPPORT BEAM TO RAISE/LOWER PIPE.
4.) INSTALL DRYWALL FORMS, DRITHERM, POLYFILM, AND LAYER OF EMPTY
DRITHERM BAGS / SACKS.
5.) BACKFILL AT LEAST 10 INCHES BEFORE CUTTING AND REMOVING WIRE
SUPPORT. WIRE MUST BE REMOVED.
28
Mechanical Design
TEMPORARY SUPPORT DETAIL (WOOD BLOCKS)
EMPTY DRITHERM BAGS
POLYFILM
FILL WITH DRITHERM
DRYWALL FORMS
CARRIER
(IF NEEDED)
PIPE TEMPORARY WOODEN
SUPPORT BLOCKS
PER SUPPORT TABLE
10 FT. MAX.
EARTH
MIN.
12"
BACKFILL
TEMPORARY
WOODED
SUPPORT
BLOCKS
EMPTY DRITHERM BAGS
POLYFILM
DRYWALL
FORM
CARRIER
PIPE
DRITHERM
"X"
NOTES:
1.) INSTALL TEMPORARY WOODEN BLOCKS TO HEIGHT REQUIRED FOR MINIMUM DRITHERM "X" DIMENSION.
2.) INSTALL DRYWALL FORMS, DRITHERM, POLYFILM, AND LAYER OF EMPTY DRITHERM BAGS / SACKS.
3.) BACKFILL AT LEAST 12" DEEP AND TO WITHIN 10 FT OF WOODEN BLOCK BEFORE REMOVING WOODEN BLOCK.
4.) WOODEN BLOCKS MUST BE REMOVED FOR PIPE TEMPERATURES ABOVE 75癋 WITHOUT
DISTURBING PIPE. DO NOT LIFT PIPE TO REMOVE BLOCK.
5.) AT DISCRETION OF SYSTEM DESIGN ENGINEER, WOODEN SUPPORT BLOCKS MAY BE LEFT IN
TRENCH FOR NONMETALLIC PIPES BELOW 75? USE WOLMANIZED LUMBER.
29
Mechanical Design
WALL ENTRY
DETAIL
EARTH BACKFILL
SCHEDULE 40 PIPE
SLEEVE (NEXT SIZE
LARGER THAN
CARRIER PIPE).
SMOOTH ROD OR
REBAR WELDED IN
PLACE TO ACT AS EMPTY DRITHERM BAGS
A STOP FOR PIPE
SLEEVE (IF REQ'D).
PACKING ROPE
POLYFILM
"2Z"
NOTE 4
"Z"
CARRIER PIPE
"X"
12" - 18"
"2X"
NOTE 4
CONCRETE
WALL
24"
NOTES:
1.) CORE HOLE THROUGH CONCRETE WALL SHOULD BE SIZED FOR SLEEVE
PIPE OUTSIDE DIAMETER +1/16".
2.) FOR WALLS WHERE THE EXISTING ENTRY HOLE IS SIGNIFICANTLY
LARGER THAN THE SLEEVE PIPE, INSERT THE SLEEVE PIPE OVER THE
CARRIER PIPE, FORM UP THE WALL WITH PLYWOOD ON EITHER SIDE,
AND FILL AROUND THE SLEEVE PIPE WITH SUITABLE CONCRETE OR
HYDRAULIC CEMENT TO REESTABLISH WALL.
3.) SLEEVE PIPE CAN BE SPLIT IN HALF, INSERTED OVER THE CARRIER
PIPE, AND WELDED BACK TOGETHER TO AVOID HAVING TO REMOVE
THE CARRIER PIPE.
4.) COAT WITH BITUMASTIC OR SILICONE GREASE IMMEDIATELY PRIOR TO
DRITHERM INSTALLATION.
5.) REFER TO ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR PACKING ROPE.
30
Mechanical Design
VERTICAL PIPE
RISER DETAIL
CONVENTIONAL
INSULATION
& JACKET
WATERPROOF
CAULKING
MIN.
CARRIER PIPE
4"
MIN.
4"
CONCRETE
EMPTY
24" MIN.
DRITHERM
(TYP.)
12"-18"
BAGS
NOTE 3
FORMS
POLYFILM
PIPE SLEEVE
"2X" "2X"
PACKING ROPE
"Z"
DRITHERM
"X"
EARTH BACKFILL
COMPACT ALL SIDES
NOTES:
1.) PIPE SLEEVE SHOULD BE NEXT LARGER DIAMETER PIPE SIZE FROM
CARRIER PIPE - SCHEDULE 40 MIN.
2.) ELASTOMERIC MECHANICAL SEAL CAN BE SUBSTITUTED FOR
PACKING ROPE.
3.) COAT WITH BITUMASTIC OR SILICONE GREASE IMMEDIATELY PRIOR TO
DRITHERM INSTALLATION.
4.) REFER TO ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR PACKING ROPE.
31
Insulation Design
Introduction
The purpose of DriTherm?is to provide a dry, stable, environment,
around underground piping so that maximum thermal efficiency is
attained while negligible moisture passage is allowed, similar to a
pipe within a pipe system. Closed cell bonds between individual
particles with air entrapment within is how DriTherm?achieves this.
Once dimensions are chosen for the correct pipe diameter and
temperature the insulation envelope size will be determined.
Sideforms are used only to contain the minimum envelope size
and do not affect DriTherm?insulation performance. Sideforms are
best held in place with temporary spacers, which are removed after
the DriTherm?has been installed. In areas where mineral fiber
cushion is used, the insulation envelope is wider and deeper to
accommodate the cushion. Bitumastic or silicone grease, which is
applied to all steel and concrete in direct contact with the carrier
pipe, should be installed immediately prior to the installation of
DriTherm?so that it is tacky.
In order to minimize dusting it is advisable to open the DriTherm?br>
bags or sacks as close to the carrier pipe as possible while
pouring. DriTherm?will readily flow from it's packaging and begin
to seek it's own level in the confines of the insulation envelope.
Mechanical design components and devices are extremely critical
to system performance and will affect the performance of a
DriTherm?system if not designed and installed correctly. Items
such as pipe sleeves protruding into the DriTherm?at wall entries
are necessary to prevent capillary action water from reaching the
carrier piping.
The information contained in this section is intended to aid the
system Design Engineer in the correct dimensions for the
insulation envelope as well as provide volume calculations for
estimating purposes.
32
Insulation Design
PIPE DATA!(DIAMETERS & CROSS SECTIONAL AREAS)!
PIPE WITH NO INSULATION CUSHION:
2
CROSS SECTIONAL AREA (SQ. IN.) = 0.785398 x (OD)
NOMINAL OUTSIDE CROSS-
DIAMETER SECTIONAL
PIPE OD
SIZE "OD" AREA
1" 1.315" 1.36 SQ. IN.
1 1/2" 1.9" 2.83 SQ. IN.
2" 2.375" 4.43 SQ. IN.
2 1/2" 2.875" 6.49 SQ. IN.
3" 3.5" 9.62 SQ. IN.
3 1/2" 4" 12.57 SQ. IN.
4" 4.5" 15.90 SQ. IN.
5" 5.563" 24.30 SQ. IN.
6" 6.625" 34.45 SQ. IN.
8" 8.625" 58.40 SQ. IN.
10" 10.75" 90.72 SQ. IN.
12" 12.75" 127.61 SQ. IN.
PIPE
14" 14" 153.86 SQ. IN.
16" 16" 200.96 SQ. IN.
18" 18" 254.34 SQ. IN.
20" 20" 314.00 SQ. IN.
24" 24" 452.16 SQ. IN.
PIPE WITH MINERAL WOOL CUSHION:
CUSHION OUTSIDE DIAMETER (INCHES) = OD + (2 x THK)
2
CROSS SECTIONAL AREA (SQ. IN.) = 0.785398 x (CUSHION OUTSIDE DIAMETER)
THK
OD
INSULATION
PIPE
CUSHION
33
Insulation Design
DRITHERM ENVELOPE
DIMENSIONS
GRADE LEVEL
BACKFILL
18" MIN.
Z1
DRITHERM
DRYWALL FORMS
(IF NEEDED)
CARRIER
CARRIER
PIPE 1
PIPE 2
X1
X1 Y1 X2
DRITHERM ENVELOPE DIMENSIONS IN INCHES
-100癋 TO 101癋 TO 231癋 TO 306癋 TO 401癋 TO
NOM.
100癋 230癋 305癋 400癋 480癋
PIPE
DIA. X Y Z X Y Z X Y Z X Y Z X Y Z
5
3 3 3 3
4 4 4
2 2 4
1 2 2 4 2
5 5
3 3 3
4 4
4 2 4 2
2 2 2 4 2
5 5 5 5 5
3 3 3 4 4
2 2 2
2 4 2
5 5 5 5 5
6 6
4 4 4
2 4 2 2
2 2
5 5 5
5 5
3 3 6 3 6
3 3 7
4 4 4
5 5
6 3 3 6 3 6
3 6 4 6 3 7
4 4
5
5 5 3
8 3 3 7 6 3 8
6 6 8
4 4
5 6 3
10 3 6 3 7 6 3 8
7 6 8
4 4
6
3 6 8 7 9
6 8 4 7
4 4 4 10
12 4
5 7 8 9
6 6 8 7 7
4 10
14 4 4 4 4
5 5
16 7 9
6 8 8 10
6 8
4 10
4 4 4
5 5
18 7 9 10
6 7 9 8 8 10
4 4 4 4
5 5
20 8 10
7 7 9 9 10 9
4 10
4 4 4
5 5
8 10 10
7 7 9 10
4 4
24 4 4 12 12
NOTES:
4.) ENVELOPE DIMENSIONS ARE FROM OUTSIDE DIAMETER OF PIPE OR
1.) X = USE FOR EACH PIPE SIZE MINERAL WOOL INSULATION.
2.) Y = USE LARGER PIPE SIZE TO DETERMINE 5.) CONTACT DRITHERM FOR INCREASED SPACING REQUIREMENTS
3.) Z = USE LARGER PIPE SIZE TO DETERMINE BETWEEN HOT & COLD PIPING IN COMMON ENVELOPE.
34
Insulation Design
DRITHERM ENVELOPE
VOLUME CALCULATIONS
GRADE LEVEL
BACKFILL
18" MIN.
Z1
DRITHERM DRYWALL FORMS
(IF NEEDED)
H
P1
CARRIER
CARRIER
PIPE 1
PIPE 2
X1
P1 P2
X1 Y1 X2
W
VOLUME CALCULATION PROCEDURES:
1.) OBTAIN PIPE DIAMETERS / INSULATION DIAMETERS FROM PIPE DATA CHARTS.
2.) W = X1 + P1 + Y1 + P2 + X 2
3.) H = X 1 + P1 + Z 1
4.) OBTAIN CROSS SECTIONAL AREAS OF PIPE / INSULATION FROM PIPE DATA CHARTS.
5. VOLUME AREA (SQ. FT) = (W X H) - (CROSS SECTIONAL AREA OF P1 + P2)
144
6.) TRENCH VOLUME (CUBIC FEET) = VOLUME AREA X LINEAR FEET OF TRENCH
35
Insulation Design
MINERAL FIBER
CUSHION REQUIREMENTS
MINERAL
FIBER
CUSHION
PIPE
L
.25L OR
GUIDE
30" MIN.
.75L
.75L
.75L
MINERAL
L
L
FIBER
PIPE CUSHION
GUIDE
EXPANSION LOOP
PIPE
GUIDE
MINERAL FIBER CUSHION THICKNESS
MINIMUM MINERAL FIBER CUSHION THICKNESS (INCHES) = CALCULATED PIPE EXPANSION (INCHES) X 1.25
NOTES:
1.) AN EXPANSION ABSORBING CUSHION IS REQUIRED IN ORDER TO
PROVIDE GREATER FLEXIBILITY FOR EXPANSION MOVEMENT AND TO
REDUCE PIPE STRESS TO A MINIMUM.
2.) ALL EXPECTED PIPE EXPANSION MOVEMENT SHALL BE ABSORBED
WITHIN THE MINERAL FIBER CUSHION.
3.) DRITHERM ENVELOPE DIMENSIONS ARE TO BE MAINTAINED AROUND
THE OUTSIDE OF THE MINERAL FIBER CUSHION.
4.) REFER TO ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR MINERAL FIBER CUSHION.
36
Insulation Design
ALTERNATE FORMWORK DETAILS
WIDTH OF
DRITHERM
ENVELOPE
1" X 2" GRAB HANDLE
Z1
HEIGHT OF
DRITHERM
TEMPORARY
DRYWALL
SPACER
1/2"-3/4" THK.
PLYWOOD Y
AR S
OR CER
X1 Y1 X2 P
EM PA ET
E T LL S -6 FE
AC A 4
TEMPORARY SP RYW ERY
D EV
DRYWALL SPACER
DRYWALL
FORMS
DRYWALL FORM JOINT
BASIC FORM SYSTEM
CARRIER PIPES
DRITHERM
DRYWALL
BACKFILL FORMS
NOTES:
1.) DRYWALL FORMS SHALL REMAIN IN THE GROUND.
2.) DRYWALL FORMS SHALL BE 1/2" MIN. THICKNESS.
3.) TEMPORARY DRYWALL SPACERS SHALL BE POSITIONED AT ALL DRYWALL
FORM JOINTS. ADDITIONAL TEMPORARY DRYWALL SPACERS SHALL BE
TRENCH DETAIL
SPACED TO LIMIT DRYWALL FORM DEFLECTION TO 1/2" MAXIMUM.
4.) TEMPORARY DRYWALL SPACERS SHALL BE REMOVED AFTER DRITHERM IS
INSTALLED TO 1/2 THE HEIGHT OF THE FORMS. ADDITIONAL DRITHERM
SHALL BE ADDED TO FILL VOIDS AFTER THE SPACERS ARE REMOVED.
5.) BEGIN BACKFILLING OUTSIDE OF DRYWALL FORMS AS DRITHERM IS POURED
INSIDE FORMS.
6.) WHERE TRENCHES CAN BE DUG TO PRECISE DIMENSIONS, FORMS MAY
BE ELIMINATED.
37
Insulation Design
ALTERNATE FORMWORK DETAILS
WIDTH OF
DRITHERM
SPREADER
ENVELOPE
TEMPORARY
DRYWALL
FORM FRAME
STUD OPTIONAL
SPREADER
ES
AM
FR FEET
M
OR - 6
E F RY 4
WIDTH OF STUD USED
AC E
SP EV
FOR FORM FRAME SHALL
BE EQUAL TO OR GREATER
THAN THE DRITHERM "X"
DIMENSION REQUIRED.
STUD
FORM FRAME
24" MIN. x
USE DIMENSIONAL
36" MAX.
LUMBER
SPACING
DRYWALL
FORMS
DRYWALL FORM JOINT
CARRIER PIPES BASIC FORM SYSTEM
DRITHERM
SIDE
BACKFILL FORMS
NOTES:
TRENCH DETAIL 1.) SIDE FORMS SHALL REMAIN IN THE GROUND.
2.) SIDE FORMS SHALL BE 1/2" MIN. THICKNESS. DRYWALL RECOMMENDED.
3.) FORM FRAMES SHALL BE POSITIONED AT ALL SIDE FORM JOINTS.
ADDITIONAL FORM FRAMES SHALL BE SPACED TO LIMIT SIDE FORM
DEFLECTION TO 1/2" MAXIMUM.
4.) FORM FRAMES SHALL BE REMOVED AFTER DRITHERM IS INSTALLED TO
1/2 THE HEIGHT OF THE SIDE FORMS. ADDITIONAL DRITHERM SHALL BE
ADDED TO FILL VOIDS AFTER THE FORM FRAME REMOVAL.
5.) BEGIN BACKFILLING OUTSIDE OF SIDE FORMS AS DRITHERM IS POURED
INSIDE FORMS.
6.) WHERE TRENCHES CAN BE DUG TO PRECISE DIMENSIONS, FORMS MAY
BE ELIMINATED.
38
Insulation Design
INSULATION ENVELOPE
BACKFILL REQUIREMENTS
EMPTY DRITHERM BAGS
POLYFILM
GRADE LEVEL
BACKFILL
18" MIN.
DRITHERM
DRYWALL FORMS
BACKFILL
(IF NEEDED)
CARRIER CARRIER
PIPE PIPE
NOTES:
1.) INITIAL BACKFILL SHOULD BE PLACED MANUALLY / GENTLY AS CLOSE TO
PIPE ELEVATION AS POSSIBLE.
2.) BACKFILL MUST BE CLEAN AND FREE OF LARGE ROCKS AND DEBRIS.
SAND, PEA GRAVEL, CRUSHED STONE IS NOT ALLOWED AS TRENCH
BASE MATERIAL OR BACKFILL.
3.) IF COMPACTION OF BACKFILL IS REQUIRED, INSTALL A MINIMUM OF
12 INCHES OF CLEAN BACKFILL BEFORE USING MECHANICAL
COMPACTION EQUIPMENT.
4.) MINIMUM BACKFILL OF 18 INCHES OF EARTH OR EQUIVALENT WEIGHT
IS ALL THAT IS REQUIRED TO COMPACT THE DRITHERM.
39
Insulation Design
TANK INSULATION ENVELOPE DETAIL
(ISOMETRIC VIEW)
TANK ENDS
ENCAPSULATED
IN DRITHERM
DR TAN
ITH K
ER LEN
M T GT
HIC H +
KN
ES
S
H
GT
N
LE
K
AN
DRITHERM THICKNESS
T
TANK LENGTH +
DRITHERM
ENVELOPE
UNDERGROUND TANK
RM S
HE ES
RIT ICKN
DH
T
40
Insulation Design
TANK INSULATION ENVELOPE DETAIL
(SECTION VIEW)
FILL BETWEEN FORMS EMPTY DRITHERM BAGS
WITH DRITHERM
POLYFILM
GRADE LEVEL
BACKFILL
18" MIN.
4"
MIN.
BACKFILL
DRYWALL
FORMS
UNDERGROUND
3"
(IF NEEDED)
MIN.
TANK
3"
MIN.
CORNERS CAN BE FILLED IN
WITH BACKFILL TO MINIMIZE SADDLE BLOCK
EXCESS DRITHERM INSULATION.
NOTES:
1.) WHERE TRENCHES CAN BE DUG TO PRECISE DIMENSIONS, FORMS MAY BE ELIMINATED.
41
Insulation Design
VALVE INSULATION
6"
MIN. DETAIL
WOODEN STAKE
MIN.
6"
DRYWALL FORMS
(IF NEEDED)
FILL WITH DRITHERM
EMPTY DRITHERM BAGS
CAST IRON
VALVE BOX
POLYFILM
GRADE LEVEL
BACKFILL
18" MIN.
BACKFILL
DRYWALL FORMS
(IF NEEDED)
MIN.
6"
NOTES:
1.) WHERE TRENCHES CAN BE DUG TO PRECISE DIMENSIONS, FORMS MAYBE ELIMINATED.
42
Insulation Design
THERMAL BARRIER
THERMAL!
PLATE (SEE NOTE 2)
BARRIER DETAIL
MIN.
4'-0"
MIN.
4'-0"
STEAM LINE / HOT PIPE
1/8" THK ALUMINUM PLATE
ELECTRICAL CONDUIT PIPE
PLAN VIEW
FINISHED GRADE
STEAM LINE / HOT PIPE
MIN.
2'-0"
BACKFILL
2"
1/8" THK ALUMINUM PLATE
DRITHERM
2"
ENVELOPE
DEPTH (24" MIN.)
DRITHERM INSULATION
ELECTRICAL CONDUIT PIPE 12" 12"
DRITHERM ENVELOPE
WIDTH (24" MIN.)
ELEVATION VIEW
NOTES:
1.) MAINTAIN A 2 FT MINIMUM SEPARATION BETWEEN THE CONDUIT PIPING THERMAL BARRIER AND STEAM LINE.
IF STEAM LINE IS LOCATED BELOW THE CONDUIT PIPING, REVERSE THE INSTALLATION.
2.) THERMAL BARRIER PLATE WIDTH IS 2 FT WIDER THAN CALCULATED DRITHERM ENVELOPE WIDTH.
43
Insulation Design
INSULATION VOLUME CALCULATION WORKSHEET
SINGLE PIPE
PROJECT NAME:
LOCATION:
ADDITIONAL INFO:
PIPE AREA PIPE OD
2
Z
A = .78 x OD
P1 = INCHES
P1 A = SQ IN
H
OD
P1
DRITERM INSULATION
X
FORMWORK AREA ENVELOPE LENGTH
LF = FEET
W = (2 x X) + OD
X X
OD
W = (2 x )+ =
W
H = X + OD + Z
H= + + =
VOLUME CALCULATION
VOLUME = [ ( H x W ) - P1 A ] / 144
VOLUME = [ ( x )- ] / 144 = CUBIC FEET / LINEAL FOOT
TOTAL VOLUME = VOLUME x LF
TOTAL VOLUME = x = CUBIC FEET
NOTES:
1.) SEE DRITHERM ENVELOPE DIMENSIONS FOR SPACING VALUES.
2.) SEE DIAMETERS AND CROSS SECTIONAL AREA CHART FOR PIPE
AREA DATA.
3.) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
44
Insulation Design
INSULATION VOLUME CALCULATION WORKSHEET
SINGLE PIPE
(MINERAL WOOL CUSHION)
PROJECT NAME:
LOCATION:
ADDITIONAL INFO:
MINERAL WOOL CUSHION
MINERAL WOOL
PIPE AREA CUSHION OD
2
Z
A = .78 x OD
P1 = INCHES
P1 A = SQ IN
H
OD
P1
DRITERM INSULATION
FORMWORK AREA
X
ENVELOPE LENGTH
W = (2 x X) + OD LF = FEET
W = (2 x )+ = X X
OD
W
H = X + OD + Z
H= + + =
VOLUME CALCULATION
VOLUME = [ ( H x W ) - P1 A ] / 144
VOLUME = [ ( x )- ] / 144 = CUBIC FEET / LINEAL FOOT
TOTAL VOLUME = VOLUME x LF
TOTAL VOLUME = x = CUBIC FEET
NOTES:
1.) SEE DRITHERM ENVELOPE DIMENSIONS FOR SPACING VALUES.
2.) SEE DIAMETERS AND CROSS SECTIONAL AREA CHART FOR PIPE
AREA DATA.
3.) SEE MINERAL FIBER CUSHION REQUIREMENTS FOR MINIMUM
INSULATION THICKNESSES AT EXPANSION LOOPS AND BENDS.
4.) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
45
Insulation Design
INSULATION VOLUME CALCULATION WORKSHEET
(2) PIPE - STEAM / CONDENSATE
PROJECT NAME:
LOCATION:
ADDITIONAL INFO:
Z1
PIPE AREA PIPE OD
2
A = .78 x OD
H
OD1
P1
P1 A = SQ IN P1 = INCHES
P2
P2 A = SQ IN P2 = INCHES
X1
A T = P1A + P2 A
AT= + =
DRITERM INSULATION
OD1
X1 Y1 OD2 X2 ENVELOPE LENGTH
FORMWORK AREA
W
LF = FEET
H = X1 + OD1 + Z1
H= + + =
W = X1 + OD1 + Y1 + OD2 + X2
W= + + + + =
VOLUME CALCULATION
VOLUME = [ ( H x W ) - A T ] / 144
VOLUME = [ ( x )- ] / 144 = CUBIC FEET / LINEAL FOOT
TOTAL VOLUME = VOLUME x LF
TOTAL VOLUME = x = CUBIC FEET
NOTES:
1.) SEE DRITHERM ENVELOPE DIMENSIONS FOR SPACING VALUES.
2.) SEE DIAMETERS AND CROSS SECTIONAL AREA CHART FOR PIPE
AREA DATA.
3.) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
46
Insulation Design
INSULATION VOLUME CALCULATION WORKSHEET
(2) PIPE - STEAM / CONDENSATE
(MINERAL WOOL CUSHION)
PROJECT NAME:
LOCATION:
ADDITIONAL INFO:
MINERAL
WOOL
CUSHION
MINERAL WOOL
Z1
PIPE AREA CUSHION OD
2
A = .78 x OD
H
OD1
P1
P1 A = SQ IN P1 = INCHES
P2
P2 A = SQ IN P2 = INCHES
X1
A T = P1A + P2 A
AT= + =
DRITERM INSULATION
OD1
X1 Y1 OD2 X2
FORMWORK AREA ENVELOPE LENGTH
W
H = X1 + OD1 + Z1 LF = FEET
H= + + =
W = X1 + OD1 + Y1 + OD2 + X2
W= + + + + =
VOLUME CALCULATION
VOLUME = [ ( H x W ) - A T ] / 144
VOLUME = [ ( x )- ] / 144 = CUBIC FEET / LINEAL FOOT
TOTAL VOLUME = VOLUME x LF
TOTAL VOLUME = x = CUBIC FEET
NOTES:
1.) SEE DRITHERM ENVELOPE DIMENSIONS FOR SPACING VALUES.
2.) SEE DIAMETERS AND CROSS SECTIONAL AREA CHART FOR PIPE
AREA DATA.
3.) SEE MINERAL FIBER CUSHION REQUIREMENTS FOR MINIMUM
INSULATION THICKNESSES AT EXPANSION LOOPS AND BENDS.
4.) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
47
Insulation Design
INSULATION VOLUME CALCULATION WORKSHEET
(2) PIPE - SAME SIZE - HWS / HWR
PROJECT NAME:
LOCATION:
ADDITIONAL INFO:
Z
PIPE AREA PIPE OD
2
A = .78 x OD
H
OD
P1 P2
P1 A = SQ IN P1 = INCHES
P2 A = SQ IN P2 = INCHES
X
A T = P1A + P2 A
AT= + =
DRITERM INSULATION
X OD Y X
OD
FORMWORK AREA ENVELOPE LENGTH
W
H = X + OD + Z LF = FEET
H= + + =
W = X + OD + Y + OD + X
W= + + + + =
VOLUME CALCULATION
VOLUME = [ ( H x W ) - A T ] / 144
VOLUME = [ ( x )- ] / 144 = CUBIC FEET / LINEAL FOOT
TOTAL VOLUME = VOLUME x LF
TOTAL VOLUME = x = CUBIC FEET
NOTES:
1.) SEE DRITHERM ENVELOPE DIMENSIONS FOR SPACING VALUES.
2.) SEE DIAMETERS AND CROSS SECTIONAL AREA CHART FOR PIPE
AREA DATA.
3.) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
48
Insulation Design
INSULATION VOLUME CALCULATION WORKSHEET
(2) PIPE - SAME SIZE - HWS / HWR
(MINERAL WOOL CUSHION)
PROJECT NAME:
LOCATION:
ADDITIONAL INFO:
MINERAL
WOOL
CUSHION
MINERAL WOOL
Z
PIPE AREA CUSHION OD
2
A = .78 x OD
H
OD
P1 P2
P1 A = SQ IN P1 = INCHES
P2 A = SQ IN P2 = INCHES
X
A T = P1A + P2 A
AT= + =
DRITERM INSULATION
X OD Y X
OD
FORMWORK AREA ENVELOPE LENGTH
W
H = X + OD + Z LF = FEET
H= + + =
W = X + OD + Y + OD + X
W= + + + + =
VOLUME CALCULATION
VOLUME = [ ( H x W ) - A T ] / 144
VOLUME = [ ( x )- ] / 144 = CUBIC FEET / LINEAL FOOT
TOTAL VOLUME = VOLUME x LF
TOTAL VOLUME = x = CUBIC FEET
NOTES:
1.) SEE DRITHERM ENVELOPE DIMENSIONS FOR SPACING VALUES.
2.) SEE DIAMETERS AND CROSS SECTIONAL AREA CHART FOR PIPE
AREA DATA.
3.) SEE MINERAL FIBER CUSHION REQUIREMENTS FOR MINIMUM
INSULATION THICKNESSES AT EXPANSION LOOPS AND BENDS.
4.) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
49
Insulation Design
INSULATION VOLUME CALCULATION WORKSHEET
(4) PIPE - CWS / CWR / HWS / HWR
PROJECT NAME:
LOCATION:
ADDITIONAL INFO:
Z1
PIPE AREA
PIPE OD
H
X1 OD1
2 P1 P2
(A = .78 x OD ) P3 P4
P1A = SQ IN P1 = INCHES
P2A = SQ IN P2 = INCHES
X1 X4
P3A = SQ IN P3 = INCHES
OD1 OD2 OD3 OD4
P4A = SQ IN P4 = INCHES
Y1 Y2* Y3
W
A T = P1A + P2 A + P3 A + P4A
AT= + + + =
DRITERM INSULATION
FORMWORK AREA ENVELOPE LENGTH
H = X1 + OD1 + Z1 LF = FEET
H= + + =
W = X1 + OD1 + Y1 + OD2 + Y2 + OD3 + Y3 + OD4 + X2
W= + + + + + + + + =
VOLUME CALCULATION
VOLUME = [ ( H x W ) - A T ] / 144
VOLUME = [ ( x )- ] / 144 = CUBIC FEET / LINEAL FOOT
TOTAL VOLUME = VOLUME x LF
TOTAL VOLUME = x = CUBIC FEET
NOTES:
1.) SEE DRITHERM ENVELOPE DIMENSIONS FOR SPACING VALUES.
2.) SEE DIAMETERS AND CROSS SECTIONAL AREA CHART FOR PIPE
AREA DATA.
3.) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
4.) * - CONTACT DRITHERM FOR PIPE SPACING REQUIREMENTS.
50
Insulation Design
INSULATION VOLUME CALCULATION WORKSHEET
(4) PIPE - CWS / CWR / HWS / HWR
(MINERAL WOOL CUSHION)
PROJECT NAME:
LOCATION:
ADDITIONAL INFO:
MINERAL
WOOL
CUSHION
BARE PIPE OD
Z1
P1 = INCHES
H
X1 OD1
P2 = INCHES
PIPE AREA P1 P2
P3 P4
2
(A = .78 x OD )
MINERAL WOOL
P1A = SQ IN
CUSHION OD
X4
X1
P2A = SQ IN
P3A = SQ IN P3 = INCHES
OD1 OD2 OD3 OD4
Y1 Y2* Y3
P4A = SQ IN P4 = INCHES
W
A T = P1A + P2 A + P3 A + P4A
AT= + + + =
DRITERM INSULATION
FORMWORK AREA ENVELOPE LENGTH
H = X1 + OD1 + Z1 LF = FEET
H= + + =
W = X1 + OD1 + Y1 + OD2 + Y2 + OD3 + Y3 + OD4 + X2
W= + + + + + + + + =
VOLUME CALCULATION
VOLUME = [ ( H x W ) - A T ] / 144
VOLUME = [ ( x )- ] / 144 = CUBIC FEET / LINEAL FOOT
TOTAL VOLUME = VOLUME x LF
TOTAL VOLUME = x = CUBIC FEET
NOTES:
1.) SEE DRITHERM ENVELOPE DIMENSIONS FOR SPACING VALUES.
2.) SEE DIAMETERS AND CROSS SECTIONAL AREA CHART FOR PIPE AREA DATA.
3.) SEE MINERAL FIBER CUSHION REQUIREMENTS FOR MINIMUM
INSULATION THICKNESSES AT EXPANSION LOOPS AND BENDS.
4.) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
5.) * - CONTACT DRITHERM FOR PIPE SPACING REQUIREMENTS.
51
Insulation Design
INSULATION VOLUME CALCULATION WORKSHEET
(4) PIPE - HPS / CR / CWS / CWR
PROJECT NAME:
LOCATION:
ADDITIONAL INFO:
Z1
PIPE AREA
PIPE OD
H
X1 OD1
2 P1
(A = .78 x OD ) P3 P4
P2
P1A = SQ IN P1 = INCHES
P2A = SQ IN P2 = INCHES
X1 X4
P3A = SQ IN P3 = INCHES
OD1 OD2 OD3 OD4
P4A = SQ IN P4 = INCHES
Y1 Y2* Y3
W
A T = P1A + P2 A + P3 A + P4A
AT= + + + =
DRITERM INSULATION
FORMWORK AREA ENVELOPE LENGTH
H = X1 + OD1 + Z1 LF = FEET
H= + + =
W = X1 + OD1 + Y1 + OD2 + Y2 + OD3 + Y3 + OD4 + X2
W= + + + + + + + + =
VOLUME CALCULATION
VOLUME = [ ( H x W ) - A T ] / 144
VOLUME = [ ( x )- ] / 144 = CUBIC FEET / LINEAL FOOT
TOTAL VOLUME = VOLUME x LF
TOTAL VOLUME = x = CUBIC FEET
NOTES:
1.) SEE DRITHERM ENVELOPE DIMENSIONS FOR SPACING VALUES.
2.) SEE DIAMETERS AND CROSS SECTIONAL AREA CHART FOR PIPE
AREA DATA.
3.) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
4.) * - CONTACT DRITHERM FOR PIPE SPACING REQUIREMENTS.
52
Insulation Design
INSULATION VOLUME CALCULATION WORKSHEET
(4) PIPE - HPS / CR / CWS / CWR
(MINERAL WOOL CUSHION)
PROJECT NAME:
LOCATION:
ADDITIONAL INFO:
MINERAL
WOOL
CUSHION MINERAL WOOL
CUSHION OD
Z1
P1 = INCHES
H
X1 OD1
PIPE AREA P2 = INCHES
P1
P3 P4
P2
2
(A = .78 x OD )
P1A = SQ IN
BARE PIPE OD
X4
X1
P2A = SQ IN
P3A = SQ IN P3 = INCHES
OD1 OD2 OD3 OD4
Y1 Y2* Y3
P4A = SQ IN P4 = INCHES
W
A T = P1A + P2 A + P3 A + P4A
AT= + + + =
DRITERM INSULATION
FORMWORK AREA ENVELOPE LENGTH
H = X1 + OD1 + Z1 LF = FEET
H= + + =
W = X1 + OD1 + Y1 + OD2 + Y2 + OD3 + Y3 + OD4 + X2
W= + + + + + + + + =
VOLUME CALCULATION
VOLUME = [ ( H x W ) - A T ] / 144
VOLUME = [ ( x )- ] / 144 = CUBIC FEET / LINEAL FOOT
TOTAL VOLUME = VOLUME x LF
TOTAL VOLUME = x = CUBIC FEET
NOTES:
1.) SEE DRITHERM ENVELOPE DIMENSIONS FOR SPACING VALUES.
2.) SEE DIAMETERS AND CROSS SECTIONAL AREA CHART FOR PIPE AREA DATA.
3.) SEE MINERAL FIBER CUSHION REQUIREMENTS FOR MINIMUM INSULATION THICKNESSES AT EXPANSION LOOPS AND BENDS.
4.) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
5.) * - CONTACT DRITHERM FOR PIPE SPACING REQUIREMENTS.
53
Insulation Design
BLANK WORKSHEET
54
Suggested Installation Sequence
Preparation
1. Excavate trench to minimum dimensions.
2. Install sub-drainage if specified.
3. Install anchors, guides, and supports as required.
4. Install piping. Test system for leaks.
5. Compact and stabilize base of trench to assure support system.
Forming
1. Remove any temporary standing water in trench.
2. Prepare sideforms to vertical height requirement
of specifications.
3. Install and secure forms rigidly to horizontal width requirement
of specifications.
Installation
1. Apply Bitumastic and mineral wool where required.
2. Pour DriTherm, to appropriate dimension.
3. If necessary, knife DriTherm?to eliminate all voids
beneath pipes.
4. Cover DriTherm?with polyfilm.
5. Carefully place empty bags / sacks over polyfilm.
Backfilling
1. Manually / gently install first four to six inches of clean
backfill from as close to pipe elevation as possible.
2. Mechanically or manually complete backfilling to specifications.
3. If compaction of backfill is required, install a minimum of 8 - 12
inches of clean backfill before using mechanical compaction
equipment.
DRITHERM ?IS SELF-COMPACTING.
DO NOT MECHANICALLY COMPACT
THE DRITHERM ?PRODUCT.
55
Suggested Installation Sequence
Preparation
1. Excavated earth should be placed on one side of trench.
Leave opposite side clear for the pallets of DriTherm?
2. The base of the trench should be level and compacted to
support the DriTherm? Loose debris should be removed and
proper clearances under the pipes rechecked.
3. All piping should be pressure tested before installing
the DriTherm?
4. Do not use wood or concrete supports on hot piping.
5. Concrete thrust blocks are not recommended and should
not be used.
6. Where pipes are hung from temporary wire loops, proper
spacing between the pipes can be maintained by use of
temporary wooden wedges between the pipes. These wedges
must be removed as the powder is being poured.
7. Pipes need not be coated but should be reasonably clean
and dry.
8. Cathodic protection is not required.
Forming
1. Where trenches can be dug to exact width requirements,
forms are not necessary.
2. On oversize trenches, pipes may be positioned off-center. This
may permit use of one wall of the trench as a form, thus
reducing forming material cost.
3. Sheetrock forms are normally sufficient if supported on the
outside with earth during pouring of the DriTherm? Plywood
forms are acceptable but are more costly. If wooden stakes are
used to support the forms, they must be placed on the outside
of the sheetrock.
4. Forms must be opened outward at expansion elbows and
clearance under the pipes increased to allow for the application
of the mineral fiber cushion.
5. The trench need not be dry, but all standing water must
be removed before pouring the DriTherm?
6. Don't form the entire trench first. Inclement weather can
damage forming. Form as you pour.
56
Suggested Installation Sequence
Installation
1. Bags should be opened with a sheetrock knife, as close to the
pipes as possible. Change blades often.
2. Bitumastic / Silicone Grease must be applied, where necessary,
just prior to pouring the DriTherm? This assures bonding of the
DriTherm?to the coated surface.
3. Mineral fiber cushion is best applied and held in place with
tape or wire.
4. The DriTherm?must be kept free of contamination while
pouring.
5. Cover the DriTherm?with polyfilm sheet and empty bags as
you proceed. Earth and debris falling into the trench must be
removed. These measures will protect the insulation from
contamination.
6. Proper dimensions are important. Don't guess. Check
clearances before starting to pour. Use simple gauge to check
depth of insulation above pipes. Follow specifications provided
by system design engineer.
7. Do not walk on the DriTherm?at any time unless it has
been backfilled.
8. Forms remain after pouring. However, no part of the forms
that come in direct contact with the pipe (such as wooden
spacers) can be left in the trench.
Backfilling
1. Initial backfill should be placed manually or gently by machine
from as close to pipe elevation as possible.
2. Backfill must be clean and free of large rocks and debris.
Sand / crushed stone / pea gravel is not allowed as trench base
material or backfill.
3. If compaction of backfill is required, install a minimum of 10 ?2
inches of clean backfill before using mechanical compaction
equipment.
4. Minimum backfill of 18 inches of earth or equivalent weight is
all that is required to compact the DriTherm?
57
|