UCAR Polyphobe 102
File No: NA/34
Date: 17 March 1992
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS NOTIFICATION
AND ASSESSMENT SCHEME
FULL PUBLIC REPORT
2-PROPENOIC ACID, 2-METHYL-, POLYMER WITH ETHYL
2-PROPENOATE AND ?-[[[1-METHYL-1-[3-(1-METHYLETHENYL)
PHENYL]ETHYL]AMINO]CARBONYL]--(NONYLPHENOXY)
POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL)
This Assessment has been compiled in accordance with the
the Industrial Chemicals (Notification and
provisions of
Assessment) Act 1989 and Regulations. This legislation is an Act
of the Commonwealth of Australia. The National Industrial
Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS) is
administered by Worksafe Australia which also conducts the
occupational health & safety assessment. The assessment of
environmental hazard is conducted by the Department of the Arts,
Sport, the Environment, Territories and Tourism and the
assessment of public health is conducted by the Department of
Health, Housing and Community Services.
For the purposes of subsection 78(1) of the Act, copies of this
full public report may be inspected by the public at the Library,
Worksafe Australia, 92-94 Parramatta Road, Camperdown NSW 2050,
between the hours of 10.00 a.m. and 12.00 noon and 2.00 p.m. and
4.00 p.m. each week day except on public holidays.
Please find enclosed order form for Full Public Reports.
For Enquiries please contact Ms Mai Le at:
Street Address: 92 Parramatta Rd Camperdown, NSW 2050, AUSTRALIA
Postal Address: GPO Box 58, Sydney 2001, AUSTRALIA
Telephone: (61) (02) 565-9466 FAX (61) (02) 565-9465
Director
Chemicals Notification and Assessment
FULL PUBLIC REPORT
FULL PUBLIC REPORT
2-PROPENOIC ACID, 2-METHYL-, POLYMER WITH ETHYL 2-PROPENOATE AND
?-[[[1-METHYL-1-[3-(1-METHYLETHENYL)
PHENYL]ETHYL]AMINO]CARBONYL]- -(NONYLPHENOXY)POLY(OXY-1,2-
ETHANEDIYL)
1. IMPORTER
Zeta Chemical Company, 23 Langlee Avenue, P.O.Box 218, Waverley,
NSW 2024.
2. IDENTITY OF THE CHEMICAL
Chemical name: 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, polymer with
ethyl 2-propenoate and ?-[[[1-methyl-1-[3-(1-
methylethenyl) phenyl]ethyl]amino]carbonyl]-
-(nonylphenoxy)poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)
Chemical Abstract
Service (CAS No): 96828-31-8
Trade name: UCAR Polyphobe 102
(an emulsion containing 25% of the notified
polymer)
Other names: Polymer of N-(?,?-dimethyl, m-
isopropenylbenzyl)-poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)-
?-(nonylphenyl)carbamate with methacrylic
acid and ethyl acrylate
Acrylic Latex
Molecular formula: [(C13H16NO)(C2H4O)50(C15H23O)]x . (C4H6O2)]y
. (C5H8O2)z
Molecular weight: The number average molecular weight of the
polymer in Polyphobe 102 has a range of
10,000 to about 27,000.
FULL PUBLIC REPORT 2
Structural formula:
CH3 CH3
H
H2C C CH2 CH2 C
C OH y
x C O C2H5
O
O z
CH3
C N C (OCH2CH2)n O C9H19
H
CH3 O
The notifier has applied for exemption from publication of the
following items:
. spectral data;
. weight percentage of ingredients;
. identity of reactants
. identity of additives/adjuvants
. percentage weight of additives/adjuvants
Exemption from publication has been granted as ingredients,
additives and adjuvants are considered to be non-hazardous.
3. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
The notified polymer will be supplied as an emulsion in water.
The notified polymer as an emulsion in water has a nonvolatile
content of 25% and a water content of 75%. At room temperature
and atmospheric pressure the emulsion is a homogeneous, white,
milky liquid.
1040 kg/m3 (water =1000)
Specific Gravity/Density:
(for emulsion Polyphobe 102)
1210 kg/m3 (water =1000)
(for dried sample)
FULL PUBLIC REPORT 3
Comments on Physico-Chemical Properties
The 25% water emulsion would be expected to boil at 100oC.
Data on Flash point, Flammability limits, Autoignition
temperature and Explosive properties are not required for a
polymer of this type.
The vapour pressure for a polymer of this molecular weight would
be negligible.
The polymer emulsion is completely miscible with water, but after
drying the notified polymer itself is insoluble.
By analogy with similar polymers, this polymer will be
essentially insoluble in water and data on Hydrolysis as a
function of pH, Partition Coefficient, Adsorption/Desorption and
Dissociation Constant are not required.
Particle size is not relevant for the notified polymer.
4. METHODS OF DETECTION AND DETERMINATION
Infrared spectroscopy may be used to detect the notified polymer
in Polyphobe 102.
5. PURITY OF THE CHEMICAL
The "as supplied" form of the notified chemical substance is an
emulsion of 25% polymer with 75% water.
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5.1 TOXIC OR HAZARDOUS IMPURITIES
(including isomers and by-products)
CHEMICAL NAME CAS NO. APPROX.WT %
______________________________________________________________
ethyl 2-propenoate 140-88-5 .001
(ethyl acrylate)
2-propenoic acid,
2-methyl-
(methacrylic acid) 79-41-5 .01
2-propanone 67-64-1 .05 est.
(acetone)
2-propanol, 2-methyl- 75-65-0 .05 est.
(tert-butanol)
methanal 50-00-0 .005
(formaldehyde)
ethanal 75-07-0 .001
(acetaldehyde)
______________________________________________________________
The stated weight percentages are based on the as supplied
mixture of 25% of the notified polymer and 75% water.
6. INDUSTRIAL USE
The notified polymer in Polyphobe 102 will be used as a thickener
and flow control agent for water based formulations. The
notified chemical will be imported in range of 10-100 tons in the
first year, and 100-1000 tons in year two to year five.
Potential users of the notified polymer will include
manufacturers of paints, papers, inks, adhesives etc. Paints
containing Polyphobe 102 will be applied inside homes and
buildings and application will be done by brush, roller and
airless spray. Clean up of the paints containing the notified
polymer will be possible in water.
FULL PUBLIC REPORT 5
7. OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
The notified polymer will be imported into Australia as an
emulsion in water. The notified polymer will be supplied in
metal drums and exposure of the workers during the storage,
handling, transportation and disposal of empty drums is expected
to be insignificant under normal circumstances.
The notified polymer in Polyphobe 102 will be used in the
manufacture of water-based formulations for products such as
paints, latexes, papers, adhesives etc. The projected number of
customer manufacturing lines will be 20. Trace components and
residual monomer vapours may be irritating to eyes, skin, mucous
membranes, respiratory tract, and may produce symptoms of
headache and nausea in poorly ventilated areas.
Workers dealing with the notified chemical should read and
understand the Material Safety Data Sheet and label.
Once the notified polymer gets transformed into a water based
formulation, it will have a maximum content of 5% of the emulsion
(1.25% of the notified polymer).
8. PUBLIC EXPOSURE
The notified polymer in Polyphobe 102 is non-volatile and
therefore there would be negligible release of the polymer to the
atmosphere. The formulated product on drying forms a relatively
inert and stable film in which the notified polymer is bound and
will become an integral part of the matrix.
The most likely mode of exposure to the public is through use of
paints and other products containing the notified polymer in
Polyphobe 102. Exposure to the notified polymer in Polyphobe
102, as a minor additive present at approximately 5% in
formulations is expected to be minimal.
FULL PUBLIC REPORT 6
9. ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE
. Formulation, handling and disposal
The notifier indicates that the formulation will be carried out
at Dulux plants in WA and either NSW or Qld, and includes a
simple blending process followed by filtration and packaging.
Spills and other formulation wastes are expected to generate a
relatively low 40 kg of waste annually at each formulation plant,
which will receive the following treatments:
. in NSW, wash water from white batches will be retained and
recycled, while coloured solutions will be treated by
flocculation, settling and sludge filtration, clean water
being discharged to sewer and sludge consigned to landfill;
. in Qld, aqueous wastes will be treated by a licensed
contractor, probably with kiln dust to form a non leaching
solid to be landfilled; and
. in WA, waste water will be flocculated and allowed to
settle, with supernatant discharged to sewer and sludge
reworked into low grade products.
The primary need for disposal will occur with unused inventory or
product which is spoiled by freezing or microbial attack, in
which case the emulsion may be incinerated, or landfilled after
the addition of absorbents for consolidation.
Details of the formulation of the polymer in Polyphobe 102 into
other products such as adhesives and paper products are not
provided.
. Use
The polymer will initially be used in household paints, which is
expected to result in immobilisation of the bulk (at least 94%)
through incorporation in an inert coating. Up to 5% may find its
way to landfill with container residues, while an estimated 1%
might get highly diluted and washed into drains around Australia
when brushes and rollers will be cleaned.
FULL PUBLIC REPORT 7
Use in adhesives, inks or paper coatings is expected to similarly
immobilise the polymer in the dried coatings, with minimal
amounts discharged to the environment. However, this needs to be
confirmed before the notified chemical will be used in such
products.
Fate
The notified polymer in Polyphobe 102 discharged to sewer may
remain in colloidal suspension or be removed with sludge during
treatment. In the former case, the notified chemical will be
discharged to the wider aquatic environment where it will be
mobile and likely to persist due to its lack of reactive
functional groups and insolubility. However, possibilities such
as oxidative cleavage of the polymer chain or ester hydrolysis
indicate that the notified polymer will eventually degrade.
Similar considerations lead to the expectation that residues
consigned to landfill will slowly degrade. Significant leaching
appears unlikely, although the notified polymer, as a colloidal
suspension, may move with bulk water flow.
10 EVALUATION OF TOXICOLOGY DATA
10.1 Acute toxicity
The acute toxicity studies have been conducted with the notified
polymer in Polyphobe 102 as an emulsion of 25% of the notified
polymer with 75% water.
Table 1 Summary of acute toxicity of Polyphobe 102
Test Species Outcome Reference
______________________________________________________________
Oral Rat LD50: >5000 mg/kg 1
Skin moderately
Irritation Rabbit irritant 2
Eye moderately
Irritation Rabbit irritant 3
______________________________________________________________
FULL PUBLIC REPORT 8
10.1.1 Oral Toxicity (1)
This study was carried out in accordance with the Good Laboratory
Practice Standards: 21 CFR Part 58 (4).
Polyphobe 102 was administered by oesophageal intubation to a
group of 10 (five males and five females) albino (Sprague-Dawley
derived) rats at a dose level of 5000 mg/kg. The animals were
observed for 14 days. No deaths occurred during the study. No
treatment related signs of toxicity were observed. Gain in
bodyweight was unaffected. Necropsy revealed no gross
pathological changes.
Results of this study indicate an acute oral LD50 of >5000 mg/kg
in rats of both sexes for Polyphobe 102.
10.1.2 Skin Irritation (2)
This study was carried out in accordance with the Good Laboratory
Practice Standards: 21 CFR Part 58 (4).
A single dose of 0.5 ml of the undiluted Polyphobe 102 was
applied by a 2.5 ml syringe onto a small surgical-gauze patch.
The patch was placed on the shaved dorsal skin area on each of
six New Zealand White rabbits (three males and three females).
Four hours post-exposure, the dressings were removed and the skin
reaction assessed according to the Draize Scale (5) at 1/2-1, 24,
48 and 72 hours after the removal of the dressing. Moderate
erythema and oedema persisted for 72 hours following application
in five of the animals. No deaths occurred during the study.
Necropsy was not performed on any of the animals.
The results from this study indicate that Polyphobe 102 is a
moderate skin irritant.
10.1.3 Eye Irritation (3)
This study was carried out in accordance with the Good Laboratory
Practice Standards: 21 CFR Part 58 (4).
A single dose of 0.1 ml of Polyphobe 102 was instilled in the
conjunctival sac of one eye of each of six New Zealand White
rabbits (three males and three females). The other eye of each
animal remained untreated and served as the control. The eyes
were examined 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours post-exposure and irritation
scored according to the Draize scale (5). The examination of the
eyes revealed corneal opacity, iritis and conjunctival irritation
persisting for less than 4 days in all the animals. No evidence
of corrosion was noted. No deaths were noted during the study
and no systemic toxicity was evident.
The results of this study indicate that Polyphobe 102 is a
moderate irritant to the rabbit eye.
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10.2 Overall Assessment of Toxicology Data
Polyphobe 102 has very low acute oral toxicity (oral LD50 in
rats: >5000 mg/kg). Animal tests show that Polyphobe 102 is a
moderate eye and skin irritant (rabbit).
11. ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
EFFECTS
The notified polymer will be imported as an aqueous emulsion.
Polyphobe 102 is to be used as a thickener and flow control agent
for water based paints, adhesives and paper products. These
products may be used professionally or sold to the public.
The most likely mode of exposure is by skin or by eye contact
after splash or a spill. The notified polymer does not have
significant vapour pressure but exposure of the upper respiratory
tract by inhalation of the spray while spray painting is
possible.
Animal tests show that the emulsion containing the notified
polymer is a moderate skin and eye irritant. Therefore it is
expected to be moderately irritating to the respiratory tract.
Workers formulating products and handling the 25% polymer /75%
water emulsion should minimise splashing and spills and avoid
skin and eye contact with the emulsion.
Workers and the public handling products containing the notified
polymer should take precautions to minimise splashes and spills
which would result in skin or eye contact. Those spraying paints
containing the notified polymer should take precautions to
prevent inhalation of mists. Engineering controls, personal
protection measures and good housekeeping practices should be
observed to minimise exposure to the notified polymer in
Polyphobe 102 and its residual monomers.
The major scenario of exposure of the public will be by use of
paints for household painting. As painting is undertaken
infrequently, long term exposure is not likely.
The notifier states that information on the notified polymer in
Polyphobe 102 on human health shows no evidence of adverse
effects.
FULL PUBLIC REPORT 10
12. ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
Ecotoxicity testing is not required for high molecular weight
polymers as they are not transported readily across biological
membranes.
13. ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
The notified polymer is a high molecular weight polymer with
minimal chemical reactivity and no obvious ecotoxicological
potential. It will be used in aqueous based coating products and
become essentially immobile after incorporation in the dried
coating. Small amounts will be discharged to sewer around
Australia when paint brushes are washed, resulting in widespread
but low level environmental exposure of the aquatic compartment.
The predicted environmental hazard is minimal.
14. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SAFETY PROCEDURES TO CONTROL
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
To minimise occupational exposure to the formulated product
containing the notified polymer, the following guidelines and
precautions should be observed:
. engineering control procedures such as local exhaust
ventilation should be used in polymer handling operations
and during formulation of products like paints, inks and
adhesives;
. suitable personal protective equipment which comply with
Australian Standards (AS) should be worn such as:
- air purifying respirators suitable for gases (AS
1716), Respiratory Protective Devices (6), for spray
painting and during formulation of the products where
mists will be generated;
- safety glasses (AS 1337) - Eye protectors for
Industrial Applications (6);
FULL PUBLIC REPORT 11
- impervious elbow length gloves (AS 2161) - Industrial
Safety Gloves and Mittens (excluding Electrical and
Medical Gloves) (7);
- appropriate impervious protective clothing (AS 3765)
- Clothing for protection against Hazardous Chemicals
(8);
. good work practices should be implemented to avoid
splashings or spillages during formulating and using
products;
. good housekeeping and maintenance should be practised.
Spillages should be cleaned up promptly using absorbents;
. a copy of the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for the
notified polymer and for products containing the notified
polymer should be easily accessible to employees.
15. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS)
The MSDS for the notified polymer has been compiled according to
Worksafe Australia format (9).
16. REQUIREMENTS FOR SECONDARY NOTIFICATION
Under the Industrial Chemicals (Notification and Assessment) Act
1989 (the Act), secondary notification of Polyphobe 102 shall be
required if any circumstances stipulated under subsection 64(2)
of the Act arise.
Further information on the likely environmental impact from the
proposed uses in adhesives, inks and paper products should be
forwarded to the Director when such proposals become concrete, in
order to ascertain whether secondary notification is required.
No other specific conditions are prescribed.
FULL PUBLIC REPORT 12
17. REFERENCES
Hill Top Biolabs Project No. 89-3619-21 (A)(1989) Acute
1.
Oral Toxicity in Rats - Limit Test of 44-251 (Polyphobe 102)
Hill Top Biolabs Project No. 89-3619-21 (B)(1989) Primary
2.
Skin Irritation Study in Rabbits of 44-251 (Polyphobe 102)
Hill Top Biolabs Project No. 89-3619-21 (C)(1989) Eye
3.
Irritation Study in Rabbits of 44-251 (Polyphobe 102)
Food and Drug Administration (1987) Good Laboratory
4.
Regulations; Final Rule. 21 CFR Part 58; Food and Drug
Administration. Fed Reg 52: 33768-33782.
Draize, JH (1959) Appraisal of the Safety of Chemicals in
5.
Foods, Drugs and Cosmetics, Food and Drug Administration Austin,
Texas.
Australian Standard 1337 - 1984 Eye protectors for
6.
Industrial Applications, Standards Association of Australia
Publ., Sydney (1984).
Australian Standard 2161 - 1978 Industrial Safety Gloves and
7.
Mittens (excluding Electrical and Medical Gloves), Standards
Association of Australia Publ., Sydney (1978).
Australian Standard 3765-1990 Clothing for Protection
8.
Against Hazardous Chemicals, Standards Association of Australia
Publ., Sydney (1990).
National Occupational Health and Safety Commission Guidance
9.
Note for the Completion of a Material Safety Data Sheet, 2nd.
Edition, Australian Government Publishing Service Publ., Canberra
(1990).
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FULL PUBLIC REPORT 14
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