Iodonitrotetrazolium chloride
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Material Safety Data Sheet
Hazard Alert Code Key: EXTREME HIGH MODERATE LOW
Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
PRODUCT NAME
Iodonitrotetrazolium chloride
STATEMENT OF HAZARDOUS NATURE
CONSIDERED A HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ACCORDING TO OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200.
NFPA
3
FLAMMABILITY
2 0
HEALTH HAZARD INSTABILITY
SUPPLIER
Company: Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.
Address:
2145 Delaware Ave
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
Telephone: 800.457.3801 or 831.457.3800
Emergency Tel: CHEMWATCH: From within the US and Canada:
877-715-9305
Emergency Tel: From outside the US and Canada: +800 2436 2255
(1-800-CHEMCALL) or call +613 9573 3112
PRODUCT USE
Reagent used in dehydrogenase determinations.
SYNONYMS
C19-H13-N5-O2-Cl-I, 2-(p-iodophenyl)-3-p-nitrophenyl-5-phenyltetrazoli, 2-(p-iodophenyl)-3-p-nitrophenyl-5-phenyltetrazoli, "um chloride",
2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazo, 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazo, "lium chloride", INT, "dehydrogenase
reagent"
Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
CANADIAN WHMIS SYMBOLS
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
RISK
Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.
Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.
Highly flammable.
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POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS
ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS
SWALLOWED
! Accidental ingestion of the material may be harmful; animal experiments indicate that ingestion of less than 150 gram may be fatal or may
produce serious damage to the health of the individual.
EYE
! This material can cause eye irritation and damage in some persons.
SKIN
! Skin contact with the material may be harmful; systemic effects may resultfollowing absorption.
! This material can cause inflammation of the skin oncontact in some persons.
! The material may accentuate any pre-existing dermatitis condition.
! Open cuts, abraded or irritated skin should not be exposed to this material.
! Entry into the blood-stream, through, for example, cuts, abrasions or lesions, may produce systemic injury with harmful effects. Examine
the skin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected.
INHALED
! Inhalation of dusts, generated by the material, during the course of normalhandling, may be harmful.
! The material can cause respiratory irritation in some persons. The body's response to such irritation can cause further lung damage.
! Inhalation of vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness. This may be accompanied by narcosis, reduced alertness, loss of reflexes,
lack of coordination and vertigo.
! Persons with impaired respiratory function, airway diseases and conditions such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis, may incur further
disability if excessive concentrations of particulate are inhaled.
! Minor but regular methanol exposures may effect the central nervous system, optic nerves and retinae. Symptoms may be delayed, with
headache, fatigue, nausea, blurring of vision and double vision. Continued or severe exposures may cause damage to optic nerves, which
may become severe with permanent visual impairment even blindness resulting.
WARNING: Methanol is only slowly eliminated from the body and should be regarded as a cumulative poison which cannot be made
non-harmful [CCINFO].
CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS
! Long-term exposure to respiratory irritants may result in disease of the airways involving difficult breathing and related systemic problems.
Limited evidence suggests that repeated or long-term occupational exposure may produce cumulative health effects involving organs or
biochemical systems.
Long term exposure to high dust concentrations may cause changes in lung function i.e. pneumoconiosis; caused by particles less than 0.5
micron penetrating and remaining in the lung. Prime symptom is breathlessness; lung shadows show on X-ray.
Long-term exposure to methanol vapor, at concentrations exceeding 3000 ppm, may produce cumulative effects characterized by
gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, vomiting), headache, ringing in the ears, insomnia, trembling, unsteady gait, vertigo, conjunctivitis and
clouded or double vision. Liver and/or kidney injury may also result. Some individuals show severe eye damage following prolonged
exposure to 800 ppm of the vapor.
Section 3 - COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
HAZARD RATINGS
Min Max
Flammability: 3
Toxicity: 2
Min/Nil=0
Body Contact: 2
Low=1
Moderate=2
Reactivity: 1
High=3
Chronic: 2 Extreme=4
NAME CAS RN %
iodonitrotetrazolium chloride 146-68-9 >95
NOTE: Product of commerce may contain
methanol 67-56-1 <5
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Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
SWALLOWED
!
IF SWALLOWED, REFER FOR MEDICAL ATTENTION, WHERE POSSIBLE, WITHOUT DELAY.
Where Medical attention is not immediately available or where the patient is more than 15 minutes from a hospital or unless instructed
otherwise:
For advice, contact a Poisons Information Center or a doctor.
Urgent hospital treatment is likely to be needed.
If conscious, give water to drink.
INDUCE vomiting with fingers down the back of the throat, ONLY IF CONSCIOUS. Lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down
position, if possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration.
NOTE: Wear a protective glove when inducing vomiting by mechanical means.
In the mean time, qualified first-aid personnel should treat the patient following observation and employing supportive measures as
indicated by the patient's condition.
If the services of a medical officer or medical doctor are readily available, the patient should be placed in his/her care and a copy of the
MSDS should be provided. Further action will be the responsibility of the medical specialist.
If medical attention is not available on the worksite or surroundings send the patient to a hospital together with a copy of the MSDS.
EYE
! If this product comes in contact with the eyes:
Wash out immediately with fresh running water.
Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper
and lower lids.
If pain persists or recurs seek medical attention.
Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel.
SKIN
! If skin contact occurs:
Immediately remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear
Flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available).
Seek medical attention in event of irritation.
INHALED
!
If fumes or combustion products are inhaled remove from contaminated area.
Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested.
Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed, where possible, prior to initiating first aid procedures.
Apply artificial respiration if not breathing, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve mask device, or pocket mask as trained.
Perform CPR if necessary.
Transport to hospital, or doctor, without delay.
NOTES TO PHYSICIAN
! Treat symptomatically.
For acute and short term repeated exposures to methanol:
Toxicity results from accumulation of formaldehyde/formic acid.
Clinical signs are usually limited to CNS, eyes and GI tract Severe metabolic acidosis may produce dyspnea and profound systemic
effects which may become intractable. All symptomatic patients should have arterial pH measured. Evaluate airway, breathing and
circulation.
Stabilise obtunded patients by giving naloxone, glucose and thiamine.
Decontaminate with Ipecac or lavage for patients presenting 2 hours post-ingestion. Charcoal does not absorb well; the usefulness of
cathartic is not established.
Forced diuresis is not effective; hemodialysis is recommended where peak methanol levels exceed 50 mg/dL (this correlates with serum
bicarbonate levels below 18 mEq/L)
Ethanol, maintained at levels between 100 and 150 mg/dL, inhibits formation of toxic metabolites and may be indicated when peak
methanol levels exceed 20 mg/dL. An intravenous solution of ethanol in D5W is optimal.
Folate, as leucovarin, may increase the oxidative removal of formic acid. 4-methylpyrazole may be an effective adjunct in the treatment.
Phenytoin may be preferable to diazepam for controlling seizure.
[Ellenhorn Barceloux: Medical Toxicology]BIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE INDEX - BEI
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Determinant Index Sampling Time Comment
1. Methanol in urine 15 mg/l End of shift B, NS
Before the shift at end of
2. Formic acid in urine 80 mg/gm creatinine B, NS
workweek
B: Background levels occur in specimens collected from subjects NOT exposed.
NS: Non-specific determinant - observed following exposure to other materials.
Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
Vapour Pressure (mmHG): Not applicable.
Upper Explosive Limit (%): Not available.
Specific Gravity (water=1): Not available
Lower Explosive Limit (%): Not available.
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA
! For SMALL FIRES:
Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or foam.
For LARGE FIRES:
Water-spray, fog or foam.
FIRE FIGHTING
!
Alert Emergency Responders and tell them location and nature of hazard.
Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves.
Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course.
Fight fire from a safe distance, with adequate cover.
If safe, switch off electrical equipment until vapor fire hazard removed.
Use water delivered as a fine spray to control fire and cool adjacent area.
Avoid spraying water onto liquid pools.
DO NOT approach containers suspected to be hot.
Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location.
If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire.
GENERAL FIRE HAZARDS/HAZARDOUS COMBUSTIBLE PRODUCTS
!
Flammable solid which burns and propagates flame easily, even when partly wetted with water.
Any source of ignition, i.e. friction, heat, sparks or flame, may cause fire or explosion.
May burn fiercely
May form explosive mixtures with air.
May REIGNITE after fire is extinguished.
Containers may explode on heating.
Solids may melt and flow when heated or involved in a fire.
Runoff may pollute waterways.
Avoid generating dust, particularly clouds of dust in a confined or unventilated space as dusts may form an explosive mixture with air.
Dry dust can be charged electrostatically by turbulence, pneumatic transport, pouring, in exhaust ducts and during transport, thereby
providing a source of ignition.
Decomposition products may be irritating, poisonous or corrosive.
Combustion products include: carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen chloride, phosgene, hydrogen iodide, nitrogen oxides (NOx), other pyrolysis
products typical of burning organic material.
FIRE INCOMPATIBILITY
! Avoid contamination with oxidizing agents i.e. nitrates, oxidizing acids,chlorine bleaches, pool chlorine etc. as ignition may result.
PERSONAL PROTECTION
Glasses:
Chemical goggles.
Gloves:
Respirator:
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Type AX Filter of sufficient capacity
Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
MINOR SPILLS
!
Remove all ignition sources.
DO NOT touch or walk through spilled material.
Clean up all spills immediately.
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Prevent dust cloud.
With clean shovel (preferably non-sparking) place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely.
Move containers from spill area.
Control personal contact by using protective equipment.
MAJOR SPILLS
!
Clear area of personnel and move upwind.
Alert Emergency Responders and tell them location and nature of hazard.
DO NOT touch or walk through spilled material.
Control personal contact by using protective equipment.
Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course.
No smoking, naked lights or ignition sources.
Increase ventilation.
Stop leak if safe to do so.
Contain or cover with sand, earth or vermiculite.
Use only spark-free shovels and explosion proof equipment.
Collect recoverable product into labeled containers for recycling.
Collect solid residues and seal in labeled drums for disposal.
Wash area with water and dike for later disposal; prevent runoff into drains.
After clean up operations, decontaminate and launder all protective clothing and equipment before storing and re-using.
If contamination of drains or waterways occurs, advise emergency services.
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS FOR SPILL
From IERG (Canada/Australia)
Isolation Distance 25 meters
Downwind Protection Distance 250 meters
FOOTNOTES
1 PROTECTIVE ACTION ZONE is defined as the area in which people are at risk of harmful exposure. This zone assumes that random changes in wind direction confines the
vapour plume to an area within 30 degrees on either side of the predominant wind direction, resulting in a crosswind protective action distance equal to the downwind protective
action distance.
2 PROTECTIVE ACTIONS should be initiated to the extent possible, beginning with those closest to the spill and working away from the site in the downwind direction. Within
the protective action zone a level of vapour concentration may exist resulting in nearly all unprotected persons becoming incapacitated and unable to take protective action
and/or incurring serious or irreversible health effects.
3 INITIAL ISOLATION ZONE is determined as an area, including upwind of the incident, within which a high probability of localised wind reversal may expose nearly all persons
without appropriate protection to life-threatening concentrations of the material.
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4 SMALL SPILLS involve a leaking package of 200 litres (55 US gallons) or less, such as a drum (jerrican or box with inner containers). Larger packages leaking less than 200
litres and compressed gas leaking from a small cylinder are also considered "small spills". LARGE SPILLS involve many small leaking packages or a leaking package of greater
than 200 litres, such as a cargo tank, portable tank or a "one-tonne" compressed gas cylinder.
5 Guide 133 is taken from the US DOT emergency response guide book.
6 IERG information is derived from CANUTEC - Transport Canada.
ACUTE EXPOSURE GUIDELINE LEVELS (AEGL) (in ppm)
AEGL 1: The airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted
that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could
experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic nonsensory
effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and
reversible upon cessation of exposure.
AEGL 2: The airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted
that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could
experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects
or an impaired ability to escape.
AEGL 3: The airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted
that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could
experience life-threatening health effects or death.
Section 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE
PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING
!
Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation.
Wear protective clothing when risk of overexposure occurs.
Use in a well-ventilated area.
Prevent concentration in hollows and sumps.
DO NOT enter confined spaces until atmosphere has been checked.
DO NOT allow material to contact humans, exposed food or food utensils.
Avoid smoking, naked lights or ignition sources.
When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke.
Avoid contact with incompatible materials.
Keep containers securely sealed when not in used.
Avoid physical damage to containers.
Always wash hands with soap and water after handling.
Working clothes should be laundered separately. Launder contaminated clothing before re-use.
Use good occupational work practice.
Observe manufacturer's storing/handling recommendations.
Atmosphere should be regularly checked against established exposure standards to ensure safe working conditions are maintained.
Empty containers may contain residual dust which has the potential to accumulate following settling. Such dusts may explode in the presence
of an appropriate ignition source.
Do NOT cut, drill, grind or weld such containers.
In addition ensure such activity is not performed near full, partially empty or empty containers without appropriate workplace safety
authorisation or permit.
RECOMMENDED STORAGE METHODS
! Glass container.
For low viscosity materials and solids: Drums and jerricans must be of the non-removable head type. Where a can is to be used as an inner
package, the can must have a screwed enclosure. For materials with a viscosity of at least 2680 cSt. (23 deg. C):
Removable head packaging and
cans with friction closures may be used.
Where combination packages are used, there must be sufficient inert absorbent material to absorb completely any leakage that may occur,
unless the outer packaging is a close fitting molded plastic box and the substances are not incompatible with the plastic. All combination
packages for Packing group I and II must contain cushioning material.
STORAGE REQUIREMENTS
! FOR MINOR QUANTITIES:
Store in an indoor fireproof cabinet or in a room of noncombustible construction
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Provide adequate portable fire-extinguishers in or near the storage area.
FOR PACKAGE STORAGE:
Store in original containers in approved flame-proof area.
No smoking, naked lights, heat or ignition sources.
DO NOT store in pits, depressions, basements or areas where vapors may be trapped.
Keep containers securely sealed.
Store away from incompatible materials in a cool, dry well ventilated area.
Protect containers against physical damage and check regularly for leaks.
Protect containers from exposure to weather and from direct sunlight unless: (a) the packages are of metal or plastic construction; (b) the
packages are securely closed are not opened for any purpose while in the area where they are stored and (c) adequate precautions are
taken to ensure that rain water, which might become contaminated by the dangerous goods, is collected and disposed of safely.
Ensure proper stock-control measures are maintained to prevent prolonged storage of dangerous goods.
Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.
SAFE STORAGE WITH OTHER CLASSIFIED CHEMICALS
+ X X X X +
X: Must not be stored together
O: May be stored together with specific preventions
+: May be stored together
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
EXPOSURE CONTROLS
TWA TWA STEL STEL Peak Peak TWA
Source Material Notes
ppm mg/m" ppm mg/m" ppm mg/m" F/CC
US - Oregon Permissible iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (Inert
10 *
Exposure Limits (Z3) or Nuisance Dust: (d) Total dust)
US OSHA Permissible iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (Inert
Exposure Levels (PELs) - or Nuisance Dust: (d) Respirable 5
Table Z3 fraction)
US OSHA Permissible
iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (Inert
Exposure Levels (PELs) - 15
or Nuisance Dust: (d) Total dust)
Table Z3
iodonitrotetrazolium chloride
US - Hawaii Air Contaminant
(Particulates not other wise 10
Limits
regulated - Total dust)
iodonitrotetrazolium chloride
US - Hawaii Air Contaminant
(Particulates not other wise 5
Limits
regulated - Respirable fraction)
iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (Inert
US - Oregon Permissible
or Nuisance Dust: (d) Respirable 5 *
Exposure Limits (Z3)
fraction)
US - Tennessee Occupational iodonitrotetrazolium chloride
Exposure Limits - Limits For (Particulates not otherwise 5
Air Contaminants regulated Respirable fraction)
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US - Wyoming Toxic and iodonitrotetrazolium chloride
Hazardous Substances Table (Particulates not otherwise
5
Z1 Limits for Air regulated (PNOR)(f)- Respirable
Contaminants fraction)
iodonitrotetrazolium chloride
US - Michigan Exposure
(Particulates not otherwise 5
Limits for Air Contaminants
regulated, Respirable dust)
Canada - British Columbia
methanol (Methanol) 200 250 Skin
Occupational Exposure Limits
Canada - Ontario
methanol (Methanol) 200 260 250 325 Skin
Occupational Exposure Limits
US - Minnesota Permissible
methanol (Methyl alcohol) 200 260 250 325
Exposure Limits (PELs)
TLV Basis:
US ACGIH Threshold Limit
methanol (Methanol) 200 250 headache; eye
Values (TLV)
damage. BEI
US NIOSH Recommended
methanol (Methyl alcohol) 200 260 250 325
Exposure Limits (RELs)
Canada - Alberta methanol (Methanol (Methyl
200 262 250 328
Occupational Exposure Limits alcohol))
US - Tennessee Occupational
Exposure Limits - Limits For methanol (Methyl alcohol) 200 260 250 325
Air Contaminants
US - Vermont Permissible
Exposure Limits Table Z-1-A
methanol (Methyl alcohol) 200 260
Transitional Limits for Air
Contaminants
US - Vermont Permissible
Exposure Limits Table Z-1-A
methanol (Methyl alcohol) 200 260 250 310
Final Rule Limits for Air
Contaminants
US - California Permissible
methanol (Methyl alcohol;
Exposure Limits for Chemical 200 260 250 325 1000
methanol)
Contaminants
US - Idaho - Limits for Air
methanol (Methyl alcohol) 200 260
Contaminants
US - Hawaii Air Contaminant methanol (Methyl alcohol
200 260 250 325
Limits (methanol))
US - Alaska Limits for Air methanol (Methyl alcohol
200 260 250 310
Contaminants (Methanol))
US - Michigan Exposure
methanol (Methyl alcohol) 200 260 250 325
Limits for Air Contaminants
Canada - Yukon Permissible
methanol (Methyl alcohol
Concentrations for Airborne 200 260 250 310
(methanol) - Skin)
Contaminant Substances
US - Washington Permissible
methanol (Methanol (Methyl
exposure limits of air 200 250
alcohol))
contaminants
Canada - Saskatchewan
Occupational Health and methanol (Methyl alcohol
200 250 Skin
Safety Regulations - (methanol))
Contamination Limits
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US - Oregon Permissible methanol (Methyl alcohol
200 260
Exposure Limits (Z1) (methanol))
US - Wyoming Toxic and
Hazardous Substances Table
methanol (Methyl alcohol) 200 260
Z1 Limits for Air
Contaminants
Canada - Quebec Permissible
Exposure Values for Airborne methanol (Methyl alcohol) 200 262 250 328
Contaminants (English)
US OSHA Permissible
Exposure Levels (PELs) - methanol (Methyl alcohol) 200 260
Table Z1
Canada - Northwest
methanol (Methyl alcohol
Territories Occupational 200 262 250 328
(Methanol) - Skin)
Exposure Limits (English)
TLV Basis:
Canada - Nova Scotia
methanol (Methanol) 200 250 headache; eye
Occupational Exposure Limits
damage. BEI
Canada - Prince Edward TLV Basis:
Island Occupational Exposure methanol (Methanol) 200 250 headache; eye
Limits damage. BEI
EMERGENCY EXPOSURE LIMITS
Material Revised IDLH Value (mg/m3) Revised IDLH Value (ppm)
methanol 6,000
MATERIAL DATA
IODONITROTETRAZOLIUM CHLORIDE:
METHANOL:
! For methanol:
Odour Threshold Value: 4.2-5960 ppm (detection), 53.0-8940 ppm (recognition)
NOTE: Detector tubes for methanol, measuring in excess of 50 ppm, are commercially available.
Exposure at or below the recommended TLV-TWA is thought to substantially reduce the significant risk of headache, blurred vision and other
ocular and systemic effects.
Odour Safety Factor (OSF)
OSF=2 (METHANOL).
PERSONAL PROTECTION
Consult your EHS staff for recommendations
EYE
!
Safety glasses with side shields.
Chemical goggles.
Contact lenses pose a special hazard; soft lenses may absorb irritants and all lenses concentrate them. DO NOT wear contact lenses.
HANDS/FEET
! Suitability and durability of glove type is dependent on usage. Important factors in the selection of gloves include: such as:
frequency and duration of contact,
chemical resistance of glove material,
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glove thickness and
dexterity
Select gloves tested to a relevant standard (e.g. Europe EN 374, US F739).
When prolonged or frequently repeated contact may occur, a glove with a protection class of 5 or higher (breakthrough time greater than
240 minutes according to EN 374) is recommended.
When only brief contact is expected, a glove with a protection class of 3 or higher (breakthrough time greater than 60 minutes according
to EN 374) is recommended.
Contaminated gloves should be replaced.
Gloves must only be worn on clean hands. After using gloves, hands should be washed and dried thoroughly. Application of a non-perfumed
moisturiser is recommended.
Wear physical protective gloves, eg. leather.
Wear safety footwear.
OTHER
!
Overalls.
Eyewash unit.
Barrier cream.
Skin cleansing cream.
Some plastic personal protective equipment (PPE) (e.g. gloves, aprons, overshoes) are not recommended as they may produce static
electricity.
For large scale or continuous use wear tight-weave non-static clothing (no metallic fasteners, cuffs or pockets), non sparking safety
footwear.
!
Respirators may be necessary when engineering and administrative controls do not adequately prevent exposures.
The decision to use respiratory protection should be based on professional judgment that takes into account toxicity information,
exposure measurement data, and frequency and likelihood of the worker's exposure - ensure users are not subject to high thermal loads
which may result in heat stress or distress due to personal protective equipment (powered, positive flow, full face apparatus may be an
option).
Published occupational exposure limits, where they exist, will assist in determining the adequacy of the selected respiratory . These may
be government mandated or vendor recommended.
Certified respirators will be useful for protecting workers from inhalation of particulates when properly selected and fit tested as part of a
complete respiratory protection program.
Use approved positive flow mask if significant quantities of dust becomes airborne.
Try to avoid creating dust conditions.
RESPIRATOR
! Selection of the Class and Type of respirator will depend upon the level of breathing zone contaminant and the chemical nature of the
contaminant. Protection Factors (defined as the ratio of contaminant outside and inside the mask) may also be important.
Breathing Zone Level ppm
Maximum Protection Factor Half-face Respirator Full-Face Respirator
(volume)
1000 10 AX-1 -
1000 50 - AX-1
5000 50 Airline* -
5000 100 - AX-2
10000 100 - AX-3
100+ Airline* *
* - Continuous Flow ** - Continuous-flow or positive pressure demand.
The local concentration of material, quantity and conditions of use determine the type of personal protective equipment required.
Use appropriate NIOSH-certified respirator based on informed professional judgement. In conditions where no reasonable estimate of
exposure can be made, assume the exposure is in a concentration IDLH and use NIOSH-certified full face pressure demand SCBA with a
minimum service life of 30 minutes, or a combination full facepiece pressure demand SAR with auxiliary self-contained air supply. Respirators
provided only for escape from IDLH atmospheres shall be NIOSH-certified for escape from the atmosphere in which they will be used.
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
! For large scale or continuous use:
Spark-free, earthed ventilation system, venting directly to the outside and separate from usual ventilation systems
Provide dust collectors with explosion vents
Local exhaust ventilation is required where solids are handled as powders or crystals; even when particulates are relatively large, a
certain proportion will be powdered by mutual friction.
Exhaust ventilation should be designed to prevent accumulation and recirculation of particulates in the workplace.
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If in spite of local exhaust an adverse concentration of the substance in air could occur, respiratory protection should be considered. Such
protection might consist of:
(a): particle dust respirators, if necessary, combined with an absorption cartridge;
(b): filter respirators with absorption cartridge or canister of the right type;
(c): fresh-air hoods or masks
Build-up of electrostatic charge on the dust particle, may be prevented by bonding and grounding.
Powder handling equipment such as dust collectors, dryers and mills may require additional protection measures such as explosion
venting.
Air contaminants generated in the workplace possess varying "escape" velocities which, in turn, determine the "capture velocities" of fresh
circulating air required to efficiently remove the contaminant.
Type of Contaminant: Air Speed:
direct spray, spray painting in shallow booths, drum filling, conveyer
loading, crusher dusts, gas discharge (active generation into zone of 1-2.5 m/s (200-500 f/min.)
rapid air motion)
grinding, abrasive blasting, tumbling, high speed wheel generated
dusts (released at high initial velocity into zone of very high rapid air 2.5-10 m/s (500-2000 f/min.)
motion).
Within each range the appropriate value depends on:
Lower end of the range Upper end of the range
1: Room air currents minimal or favorable to capture 1: Disturbing room air currents
2: Contaminants of low toxicity or of nuisance value only 2: Contaminants of high toxicity
3: Intermittent, low production. 3: High production, heavy use
4: Large hood or large air mass in motion 4: Small hood-local control only
Simple theory shows that air velocity falls rapidly with distance away from the opening of a simple extraction pipe. Velocity generally
decreases with the square of distance from the extraction point (in simple cases). Therefore the air speed at the extraction point should be
adjusted, accordingly, after reference to distance from the contaminating source. The air velocity at the extraction fan, for example, should be
a minimum of 4-10 m/s (800-2000 f/min) for extraction of crusher dusts generated 2 meters distant from the extraction point. Other
mechanical considerations, producing performance deficits within the extraction apparatus, make it essential that theoretical air velocities are
multiplied by factors of 10 or more when extraction systems are installed or used.
Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Mixes with water.
State DIVIDED SOLID Molecular Weight 505.7
Melting Range (癋) 447.8 (decomp) Viscosity Not Applicable
Boiling Range (癋) Not applicable. Solubility in water (g/L) Miscible
Flash Point (癋) Not Available pH (1% solution) Not available
Decomposition Temp (癋) 447.8 pH (as supplied) Not applicable
Autoignition Temp (癋) Not available. Vapour Pressure (mmHG) Not applicable.
Upper Explosive Limit (%) Not available. Specific Gravity (water=1) Not available
Lower Explosive Limit (%) Not available. Relative Vapor Density (air=1) Not applicable.
Volatile Component (%vol) Not applicable. Evaporation Rate Not applicable
APPEARANCE
Light yellow powder; mixes with water.
Section 10 - CHEMICAL STABILITY
CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO INSTABILITY
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Material Safety Data Sheet
Hazard Alert Code Key: EXTREME HIGH MODERATE LOW
!
Presence of incompatible materials.
Product is considered stable.
Hazardous polymerization will not occur.
STORAGE INCOMPATIBILITY
! High nitrogen compounds are often unstable or explosive; the tendency is exaggerated by attachment of azide or diazonium groups, or a
high-nitrogen heterocyclic nucleus.
High-nitrogen chemical families include
azides
diazoazoles
diazonium salts
hydrazinium salts
N-nitro compounds
tetrazoles
triazenes
triazoles
Avoid reaction with oxidizing agents.
There is a wide variation in thermal stability in derivatives of tetrazole (which contains a high-nitrogen nucleus) and several show
explosive properties.
For incompatible materials - refer to Section 7 - Handling and Storage.
Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
iodonitrotetrazolium chloride
TOXICITY AND IRRITATION
! unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
! Asthma-like symptoms may continue for months or even years after exposure to the material ceases. This may be due to a non-allergenic
condition known as reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) which can occur following exposure to high levels of highly irritating
compound. Key criteria for the diagnosis of RADS include the absence of preceding respiratory disease, in a non-atopic individual, with
abrupt onset of persistent asthma-like symptoms within minutes to hours of a documented exposure to the irritant. A reversible airflow
pattern, on spirometry, with the presence of moderate to severe bronchial hyperreactivity on methacholine challenge testing and the lack of
minimal lymphocytic inflammation, without eosinophilia, have also been included in the criteria for diagnosis of RADS. RADS (or asthma)
following an irritating inhalation is an infrequent disorder with rates related to the concentration of and duration of exposure to the irritating
substance. Industrial bronchitis, on the other hand, is a disorder that occurs as result of exposure due to high concentrations of irritating
substance (often particulate in nature) and is completely reversible after exposure ceases. The disorder is characterised by dyspnea, cough
and mucus production.
No significant acute toxicological data identified in literature search.
METHANOL:
! unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Oral (human) LDLo: 143 mg/kg Skin (rabbit): 20 mg/24 h-Moderate
Oral (man) LDLo: 6422 mg/kg Eye (rabbit): 40 mg-Moderate
Oral (man) TDLo: 3429 mg/kg Eye (rabbit): 100 mg/24h-Moderate
Oral (rat) LD50: 5628 mg/kg
Inhalation (human) TCLo: 86000 mg/m"
Inhalation (human) TCLo: 300 ppm
Inhalation (rat) LC50: 64000 ppm/4h
Dermal (rabbit) LD50: 15800 mg/kg
! The material may cause skin irritation after prolonged or repeated exposure and may produce on contact skin redness, swelling, the
production of vesicles, scaling and thickening of the skin.
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Material Safety Data Sheet
Hazard Alert Code Key: EXTREME HIGH MODERATE LOW
SKIN
methanol Canada - Ontario Occupational Exposure Limits - Skin Notes Skin
methanol US AIHA Workplace Environmental Exposure Levels (WEELs) - Skin Notes Skin
methanol US NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs) - Skin Skin Yes
methanol Canada - Quebec Permissible Exposure Values for Airborne Contaminants - Skin (French) Notes Skin
methanol US - Tennessee Occupational Exposure Limits - Limits For Air Contaminants - Skin Skin Designation X
methanol US - Vermont Permissible Exposure Limits Table Z-1-A Final Rule Limits for Air Contaminants - Skin Skin Designation X
methanol US - Washington Permissible exposure limits of air contaminants - Skin Skin X
methanol US ACGIH Threshold Limit Values (TLV) - Skin Skin Designation Yes
methanol Canada - British Columbia Occupational Exposure Limits - Skin Notation Skin
methanol US - Minnesota Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) - Skin Skin Designation X
methanol US - Hawaii Air Contaminant Limits - Skin Designation Skin Designation X
methanol ND Skin Designation X
methanol US OSHA Permissible Exposure Levels (PELs) - Skin Skin Designation X
methanol US - California Permissible Exposure Limits for Chemical Contaminants - Skin Skin X
methanol US - California Permissible Exposure Limits for Chemical Contaminants - Skin Skin S
methanol Canada - Alberta Occupational Exposure Limits - Skin Substance Interaction 1
Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Refer to data for ingredients, which follows:
METHANOL:
IODONITROTETRAZOLIUM CHLORIDE:
! DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways.
IODONITROTETRAZOLIUM CHLORIDE:
METHANOL:
! For methanol:
log Kow : -0.82- -0.66
Half-life (hr) air : 427
Half-life (hr) H2O surface water : 5.3-64
Henry's atm m3 /mol: 1.35E-04
BOD 5 0.76-1.12
COD : 1.05-1.50, 99%
ThOD : 1.5
BCF : 0.2-10
Environmental Fate
TERRESTRIAL FATE: An estimated Koc value of 1 indicates that methanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil. Volatilisation of
methanol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process given a Henry's Law constant of 4.55x10-6 atm-cu m/mole.
The potential for volatilisation of methanol from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 127 mm Hg. Biodegradation is
expected to be an important fate process for methanol based on half-lives of 1 and 3.2 days measured in a sandy silt loam and sandy loam
from Texas and Mississippi, respectively.
AQUATIC FATE: The estimated Koc indicates that methanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment. Volatilization from
water surfaces is expected based upon a Henry's Law constant Using this Henry's Law constant estimated volatilisation half-lives for a model
river and model lake are 3 and 35 days, respectively. A BCF of less than 10 measured in fish, suggests bioconcentration in aquatic
organisms is low. Hydrolysis and photolysis in sunlit surface waters is not expected to be an important environmental fate process for
methanol since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyse or absorb light under environmentally relevant conditions. Methanol has
been shown to undergo rapid biodegradation in a variety of screening studies using sewage seed and activated sludge inoculum, which
suggests that biodegradation will occur in aquatic environments.
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere and vapour
pressure, methanol is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapour-phase methanol is degraded in the atmosphere
by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 17 days, calculated
from its rate constant of 9.4x10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg C
Ecotoxicity:
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Material Safety Data Sheet
Hazard Alert Code Key: EXTREME HIGH MODERATE LOW
Fish LC50 (96 h) fathead minnow (Pimephales promelus) 29000 mg/l; rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) 19000 mg/l; bluegill (Lepomis
macrochirus) 15400 mg/l
Fish LC50 (7 d): guppy 10860 mg/l (14 d): 11.5 mg/l (semistatic)
Daphnia pulex LC50 (18 h): 19500 mg/l
Brine shrimp (Artemia salina) LC50 24 h): 1101.46-1578.84 mg/l (static)
Brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) LC50 (96 h): 1340 mg/l (semistatic)
Mussel (Mytilus edulis) LC50 (96 h): 15900 mg/l
Marine bacterium (Photobacterium posphoreum) LC50 (4 h): 7690 mg/l
Protozoa (Tetrahymena pyriformis) LC50 (48 h) 18756 mg/l.
Ecotoxicity
Ingredient Persistence: Water/Soil Persistence: Air Bioaccumulation Mobility
iodonitrotetrazolium chloride HIGH LOW LOW
methanol LOW LOW HIGH
Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
US EPA Waste Number & Descriptions
A. General Product Information
Ignitability characteristic: use EPA hazardous waste number D001 (waste code I)
B. Component Waste Numbers
When methanol is present as a solid waste as a discarded commercial chemical product, off-specification species, as a container residue, or
a spill residue, use EPA waste number U154 (waste code I).
Disposal Instructions
All waste must be handled in accordance with local, state and federal regulations.
# Puncture containers to prevent re-use and bury at an authorized landfill.
Legislation addressing waste disposal requirements may differ by country, state and/ or territory. Each user must refer to laws operating in
their area. In some areas, certain wastes must be tracked.
A Hierarchy of Controls seems to be common - the user should investigate:
Reduction
Reuse
Recycling
Disposal (if all else fails)
This material may be recycled if unused, or if it has not been contaminated so as to make it unsuitable for its intended use. Shelf life
considerations should also be applied in making decisions of this type. Note that properties of a material may change in use, and recycling or
reuse may not always be appropriate.
DO NOT allow wash water from cleaning equipment to enter drains. Collect all wash water for treatment before disposal.
Recycle wherever possible.
Consult manufacturer for recycling options or consult Waste Management Authority for disposal if no suitable treatment or disposal facility
can be identified.
Dispose of by: Burial in a licensed land-fill or Incineration in a licensed apparatus (after admixture with suitable combustible material)
Decontaminate empty containers. Observe all label safeguards until containers are cleaned and destroyed.
Section 14 - TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION
DOT:
Symbols: None Hazard class or Division: 4.1
Identification Numbers: UN1325 PG: III
Label Codes: 4.1 Special provisions: A1, IB8, IP3, T1, TP33
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Material Safety Data Sheet
Hazard Alert Code Key: EXTREME HIGH MODERATE LOW
Packaging: Exceptions: 151 Packaging: Non-bulk: 213
Quantity limitations: Passenger
Packaging: Exceptions: 151 25 kg
aircraft/rail:
Quantity Limitations: Cargo
100 kg Vessel stowage: Location: B
aircraft only:
Vessel stowage: Other: None
Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping names:
Flammable solids, organic, n.o.s.
Air Transport IATA:
ICAO/IATA Class: 4.1 ICAO/IATA Subrisk: None
UN/ID Number: 1325 Packing Group: III
Special provisions: A3
Shipping Name: FLAMMABLE SOLID, ORGANIC, N.O.S. *(CONTAINS IODONITROTETRAZOLIUM CHLORIDE)
Maritime Transport IMDG:
IMDG Class: 4.1 IMDG Subrisk: None
UN Number: 1325 Packing Group: III
EMS Number: F-A,S-G Special provisions: 223 274 915 944
Limited Quantities: 5 kg
Shipping Name: FLAMMABLE SOLID, ORGANIC, N.O.S.(contains iodonitrotetrazolium chloride)
Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION
iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (CAS: 146-68-9) is found on the following regulatory lists;
"Canada Domestic Substances List (DSL)","US Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) - Inventory"
Regulations for ingredients
methanol (CAS: 67-56-1) is found on the following regulatory lists;
"Canada - Alberta Ambient Air Quality Objectives","Canada - Alberta Occupational Exposure Limits","Canada - British Columbia
Occupational Exposure Limits","Canada - Northwest Territories Occupational Exposure Limits (English)","Canada - Nova Scotia Occupational
Exposure Limits","Canada - Ontario Occupational Exposure Limits","Canada - Prince Edward Island Occupational Exposure Limits","Canada
- Quebec Permissible Exposure Values for Airborne Contaminants (English)","Canada - Saskatchewan Industrial Hazardous
Substances","Canada - Saskatchewan Occupational Health and Safety Regulations - Contamination Limits","Canada - Yukon Permissible
Concentrations for Airborne Contaminant Substances","Canada Domestic Substances List (DSL)","Canada Ingredient Disclosure List
(SOR/88-64)","Canada National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI)","Canada Toxicological Index Service - Workplace Hazardous Materials
Information System - WHMIS (English)","Canada Toxicological Index Service - Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System - WHMIS
(French)","GESAMP/EHS Composite List - GESAMP Hazard Profiles","IMO IBC Code Chapter 17: Summary of minimum
requirements","IMO MARPOL 73/78 (Annex II) - List of Other Liquid Substances","International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) -
High Production Volume List","OECD Representative List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals","US - Alaska Limits for Air
Contaminants","US - California Air Toxics ""Hot Spots"" List (Assembly Bill 2588) Substances for which emissions must be quantified","US -
California Occupational Safety and Health Regulations (CAL/OSHA) - Hazardous Substances List","US - California OEHHA/ARB - Acute
Reference Exposure Levels and Target Organs (RELs)","US - California OEHHA/ARB - Chronic Reference Exposure Levels and Target
Organs (CRELs)","US - California Permissible Exposure Limits for Chemical Contaminants","US - California Toxic Air Contaminant List
Category II","US - Connecticut Hazardous Air Pollutants","US - Hawaii Air Contaminant Limits","US - Idaho - Limits for Air Contaminants","US
- Maine Chemicals of High Concern List","US - Massachusetts Oil & Hazardous Material List","US - Michigan Exposure Limits for Air
Contaminants","US - Minnesota Hazardous Substance List","US - Minnesota Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)","US - New Jersey Right to
Know Hazardous Substances","US - Oregon Permissible Exposure Limits (Z1)","US - Rhode Island Hazardous Substance List","US -
Tennessee Occupational Exposure Limits - Limits For Air Contaminants","US - Vermont Hazardous wastes which are Discarded Commercial
Chemical Products or Off-Specification Batches of Commercial Chemical Products or Spill Residues of Either","US - Vermont Permissible
Exposure Limits Table Z-1-A Final Rule Limits for Air Contaminants","US - Vermont Permissible Exposure Limits Table Z-1-A Transitional
Limits for Air Contaminants","US - Washington Discarded Chemical Products List - ""U"" Chemical Products","US - Washington Permissible
exposure limits of air contaminants","US - Wyoming Toxic and Hazardous Substances Table Z1 Limits for Air Contaminants","US ACGIH
Threshold Limit Values (TLV)","US CAA (Clean Air Act) - HON Rule - Organic HAPs (Hazardous Air Pollutants)","US Clean Air Act -
Hazardous Air Pollutants","US Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Cosmetic ingredients found safe, with qualifications","US Department of
Transportation (DOT) List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities - Hazardous Substances Other Than Radionuclides","US
DOE Temporary Emergency Exposure Limits (TEELs)","US DOT Coast Guard Bulk Hazardous Materials - List of Flammable and
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Hazard Alert Code Key: EXTREME HIGH MODERATE LOW
Combustible Bulk Liquid Cargoes","US EPA Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) - Interim","US EPA High Production Volume Program
Chemical List","US EPCRA Section 313 Chemical List","US FDA Indirect Food Additives: Adhesives and Components of Coatings -
Substances for Use Only as Components of Adhesives - Adhesives","US Food Additive Database","US List of Lists - Consolidated List of
Chemicals Subject to the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) and Section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act","US
NFPA 30A Typical Flammable and Combustible Liquids Found at Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities","US NFPA 30B Manufacture and Storage
of Aerosol Products - Chemical Heat of Combustion","US NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs)","US OSHA Permissible Exposure
Levels (PELs) - Table Z1","US Postal Service (USPS) Hazardous Materials Table: Postal Service Mailability Guide","US RCRA (Resource
Conservation & Recovery Act) - List of Hazardous Wastes","US RCRA (Resource Conservation & Recovery Act) - Phase 4 LDR Rule -
Universal Treatment Standards","US Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations (SMACs) for Airborne Contaminants","US Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA) - Inventory"
Section 16 - OTHER INFORMATION
LIMITED EVIDENCE
! Cumulative effects may result following exposure*.
! Vapors potentially cause drowsiness and dizziness*.
* (limited evidence).
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH GUIDELINES
! Established occupational exposure limits frequently do not take into consideration reproductive end points that are clearly below the
thresholds for other toxic effects. Occupational reproductive guidelines (ORGs) have been suggested as an additional standard. These have
been established after a literature search for reproductive no-observed-adverse effect-level (NOAEL) and the lowest-observed-adverse-
effect-level (LOAEL). In addition the US EPA's procedures for risk assessment for hazard identification and dose-response assessment as
applied by NIOSH were used in the creation of such limits. Uncertainty factors (UFs) have also been incorporated.
Ingredient ORG UF Endpoint CR Adeq TLV
methanol 262 mg/m3 NA NA NA Yes
! These exposure guidelines have been derived from a screening level of risk assessment and should not be construed as unequivocally
safe limits. ORGS represent an 8-hour time-weighted average unless specified otherwise. CR = Cancer Risk/10000; UF = Uncertainty factor:
TLV believed to be adequate to protect reproductive health: LOD: Limit of detection Toxic endpoints have also been identified as: D =
Developmental; R = Reproductive; TC = Transplacental carcinogen Jankovic J., Drake F.: A Screening Method for Occupational
Reproductive Health Risk: American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 57: 641-649 (1996).
Reasonable care has been taken in the preparation of this information, but the author makes no warranty of
merchantability or any other warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to this information. The author makes no
representations and assumes no liability for any direct, incidental or consequential damages resulting from its use.
For additional technical information please call our toxicology department on +800 CHEMCALL.
! Classification of the mixture and its individual components has drawn on official and authoritative sources as well as independent review by
the Chemwatch Classification committee using available literature references.
A list of reference resources used to assist the committee may be found at:
www.chemwatch.net/references.
! The (M)SDS is a Hazard Communication tool and should be used to assist in the Risk Assessment. Many factors determine whether the
reported Hazards are Risks in the workplace or other settings. Risks may be determined by reference to Exposures Scenarios. Scale of use,
frequency of use and current or available engineering controls must be considered.
This document is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, review or
criticism, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written
permission from CHEMWATCH. TEL (+61 3) 9572 4700.
Issue Date: Mar-7-2010
Print Date:May-7-2010
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