Reactive Yellow TZ 4165
File No: NA/664
March 1999
NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS NOTIFICATION
AND ASSESSMENT SCHEME
FULL PUBLIC REPORT
Reactive Yellow TZ 4165
This Assessment has been compiled in accordance with the provisions of the Industrial
Chemicals (Notification and Assessment) Act 1989 (the Act) and Regulations. This legislation
is an Act of the Commonwealth of Australia. The National Industrial Chemicals Notification
and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS) is administered by the National Occupational Health and
Safety Commission which also conducts the occupational health & safety assessment. The
assessment of environmental hazard is conducted by the Department of the Environment and
the assessment of public health is conducted by the Department of Health and Aged Care.
F o r the purposes of subsection 78(1) of the Act, copies of this full public report may be
inspected by the public at the Library, National Occupational Health and Safety Commission,
92-94 Parramatta Road, Camperdown NSW 2050, between the following hours:
Monday - Wednesday 8.30 am - 5.00 pm
Thursday 8.30 am - 8.00 pm
Friday 8.30 am - 5.00 pm
Copies of this full public report may also be requested, free of charge, by contacting the
Administration Coordinator on the fax number below.
For enquiries please contact the Administration Coordinator at:
Street Address: 92 Parramatta Rd Camperdown, NSW 2050, AUSTRALIA
Postal Address: GPO Box 58, Sydney 2001, AUSTRALIA
Telephone: (61) (02) 9577-9514 FAX (61) (02) 9577-9465
Director
Chemicals Notification and Assessment
NA/664
FULL PUBLIC REPORT
Reactive Yellow TZ 4165
1. APPLICANT
Ciba Specialty Chemicals of 235 Settlement Road THOMASTOWN VIC 3074 has submitted
a limited notification statement in support of its application for an assessment certificate for
Reactive Yellow TZ 4165.
2. IDENTITY OF THE CHEMICAL
Chemical Name: 3-pyridinemethylsulfonic acid, 5,5'-[1,4-
phenylenebis[imino(6-fluoro-1,3,5-triazine-4,2-
diyl)imino(6-sulpho-3,1-phenylene)azo]]bis[1-ethyl-
1,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxo. sodium salt
Chemical Abstracts Service
(CAS) Registry No.: 178198-11-3
Other Names: FAT 40'560/A
Trade Name: Reactive Yellow TZ 4165
Cibacron Yellow LS-4G (product name)
Molecular Formula: C42H40F2N16O16S4 . xNa
Structural Formula:
F
HO3S
N N
OH
H
N
CH3CH2 N
N N
N N
H
O CH3
CH2
NH
SO3H
n
n=2
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Molecular Weight: 1279
reports with 1H-NMR, UV/Visible absorption and IR
Method of Detection
and Determination: (infrared) spectrometric data were submitted for the
identification of the notified substance.
3. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Appearance at 20癈
and 101.3 kPa: violet to yellow-orange (ochre) powder with no odour
Melting Point: > 400癈
1.59 ?103 kg/m3 at 21癈
Specific Gravity:
< 5 x 10-12 kPa at 20癈 (extrapolated)
Vapour Pressure:
Water Solubility: 291 g/L at 20癈 (mass saturation)
Partition Co-efficient
(n-octanol/water): log Pow<-10.0 at pH 6.43 and 25癈
Hydrolysis as a Function T 1/2 at pH 4.0 and 25癈 = 383.6 hours
of pH: T 1/2 at pH 9.0 and 25癈 = 253 days
Adsorption/Desorption: Loamy sand Koc = 710 mL/g
Sandy loam Koc = 744 mL/g
Silt loam Koc = 867 mL/g
Dissociation Constant: estimated dissociation constants are:
aromatic sulfonic acid -2.5>pKa > -3.0;
aliphatic sulfonic acid -1.9>pKa > -2.1;
p K a 0.8;
phenylamino triazine
2,6,-hydroxy-oxy-pyridine
p K a 1.8
basic
acidic p K a > 11
7.7 祄 (median diameter of mass distribution); 45% has
Particle Size:
diameter less than 7 祄; particle size for the imported
product was not provided.
Flash Point: not determined
Flammability Limits: not highly flammable-brief ignition, flame would not
spread
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Autoignition Temperature: 270癈
Explosive Properties: not explosive, neither by thermal nor mechanical stress
Reactivity/Stability: not an oxidising substance
Surface Tension: 71.8 mN/m at 1 g/L, 20癈
Comments on Physico-Chemical Properties
Tests were performed according to EEC/OECD test guidelines at facilities complying with
OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice. Full test report were provided.
Adsorption/desorption data were provided. High water solubility and a low partition
coefficient would normally indicate low affinity for soil or sediment. The notifier has
indicated the notified chemical is unlikely to bind/adsorb strongly to soil and to move with the
ground water.
The notified chemical contains both aliphatic and aromatic sulfonic acid groups that will be
expected to completely dissociate under environmental conditions. The strongly acidic
sulfonic acid groups will render the molecule negatively charged over the whole
environmentally relevant pH range (pH 4-9). The possible protonation of the weakly basic
amino groups will have negligible effect in the lowest pH region (below pH2).
The notified chemical is not surface active at a concentration of 1 g/L. By definition, a
chemical has surface activity when the surface tension is less than 60 mN/m (EEC, 1992).
4. PURITY OF THE CHEMICAL
Degree of Purity: 52.7% (45-60%)
Toxic or Hazardous
Impurities: unspecified
Composition and Impurities of Notified Substance, including isomers and
by-products:
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Name CAS Number % Weight
notified chemical 178198-11-3 52.7
known coloured by-products ? 28.5
unknown coloured by-products ? 4.4
unknown uncoloured by-products - 0.1
sodium chloride 7647-14-5 0.2
sodium phosphate 3.8
sodium sulfate 7757-82-6 0.4
sodium fluoride 7681-49-4 0.7
water 7732-18-5 10.3
Additives/Adjuvants: none in the notified substance. Additives and adjuvants
are included only in the commercial version of the
dyestuff, not in the notified chemical itself.
Composition of Cibacron Yellow LS-4G (the product containing the notified
chemical):
Name CAS Number % Weight
Reactive Yellow TZ 4165 178198-11-3 73
sodium tripolyphosphate 7758-29-4 3
sodium sulfate 7757-82-6 15
anti-dust preparation 8012-95-1 1
water 7732-18-5 8
5. USE, VOLUME AND FORMULATION
The dyestuff is an azo dye used for colouring cellulose textiles by the exhaust dyeing method.
The dye has a fixation performance of 75%.
The notified chemical will not be manufactured in Australia. It will be imported into
Australia in a granular form as a component of the product Cibacron Yellow LS-4G at a
concentration of 70-75%. It will be imported in polythene lined fibre kegs of 25 kg capacity.
Import volumes for the notified chemical are less than 1 tonne per year for the first five years.
The notifier anticipates that the dyestuff will be sold to approximately six dyehouses in city
and country locations. Some minimal re-packing will occur for the purpose of supplying
samples or material for mill trials. Repacking will be carried out at the notifier's warehouse.
6. OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
The vapour pressure of the notified chemical is low, so exposure to airborne vapours is not
anticipated. Respiratory exposure to the notified chemical powder could occur as 45% is in
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the respirable range. This level of exposure is not anticipated for the commercial product
since it is provided in granular form and an anti-dusting substance is added. Dermal
contamination would be the main route of occupational exposure. Workers who will handle
the notified chemical include transport workers, dyehouse workers and storemen.
Transport and storage
Transport workers and storemen are unlikely to be exposed to the notified chemical unless
the package is breached.
Repacking
Most customers will receive full 25 kg containers of the notified chemical. If packs need to be
broken, then repacking will occur at the notifier's warehouse which has facilities for the
handling of hazardous substances. In the down-flow booth in which dyes are repacked, the
air flow is away from operators and the capture velocity for particulates is exceeded to
minimise the exposure. The repack operators are trained in the handling of hazardous
substances. There will be 2 repack operators. It is estimated that less than 100 kg will need
to be repacked, this operation would take 15-20 minutes per day and up to 10 days annually.
During these operations, workers wear elbow-length PVC gloves, safety glasses, face shield
and overalls.
End use
Briefly, the incorporation of the dyestuff in a dye-bath solution can be represented:
Weighing Adding to blending vessel Transfer to dyeing apparatus
It is expected that up to 40-50 workers will handle the notified chemical in dyehouses. This
would include 5 weighing-operators, 20 wash-off operators, 12 drier operators and 2
laboratory technicians. Estimated total number of employees potentially exposed in
Australia is 240. The notified chemical will be handled on 25 days per year for a maximum of
30 minutes per operator, on those days.
Occupational exposure during weighing and mixing procedures is possible. The product
containing the notified chemical will be weighed in a dispensary equipped with local exhaust
ventilation. The weighed powder is added to the blending vessel also under local exhaust
ventilation. It has been observed that the personal protective equipment worn by weighing
operators includes half-face piece particulate filter respirator, long impervious neoprene or
rubber gloves, overall, industrial footwear and safety spectacles with side shields.
Padding of the dye and fixation are carried out in a closed system so there is no occupational
exposure during this process.
During wash-off and dry processes after fixation, workers will handle the dyed cloth for a
short time only. The dyestuff has a high fastness (75%) and becomes chemically bonded to
the cellulose fibres. There is no evidence of loss of dye fixed to fibre subsequent to wash-off
or during drying. Dyed cloth is taken up on beams or trucks so that little manual handling of
the cloth will be involved. During these operations, workers will wear protective gloves.
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Laboratory technicians will take and analysis samples containing the notified chemical. The
exposure to the notified chemical for laboratory technicians is expected to be low.
Worker exposure to the notified chemical during weighing was calculated by the notifier. A
US EPA survey of dye dust in plants that use powder dyes revealed that the mean
concentration of commercial dye dust was 0.18 mg/m3 for the target population. Assuming a
total volume of 10 m3 inhaled air per person per shift, a maximum of 1.8 mg commercial dye
per person would be inhaled by a worker from the beginning to the end of the shift. That
represents a maximum dose of 25.7 礸/kg bodyweight/day, for an average 70 kg worker.
7. PUBLIC EXPOSURE
Minimal public exposure to the notified chemical is expected through manufacturing,
repackaging, transport or disposal.
Public exposure will occur mainly through dermal contact with dyed fabrics. The notified
chemical will be fixed to cellulose fibres prior to reaching the market place.
8. ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE
Release
The bulk of the dye will become chemically fixed to the cellulose textiles, and in this state is
not expected to impact on the environment. The result of fastness performance tests shows
that a high order of fastness rating is achieved in all cases. After application to fabrics, the
dye undergoes a chemical change involving chemical bonding with hydroxy groups on the
cellulose fibres.
The major environmental exposure to dye will come from effluent discharge from dyehouses
and waste water treatment systems. Other releases will be limited to traces remaining from
repacking operations and clean-up of any spills, and from trace residues in empty packaging
(estimated at a maximum of 0.1% based on previous similar notifications by the notifier).
All clean up of spills and disposal of empty packaging should be carried out according to the
instruction in the material safety data sheet (MSDS).
Fate
The dye normally released in water as effluent from the dyehouse is expected to be the major
environmental exposure. The dye may either partition to sediment or stay in the aqueous
compartment. Hobbs (1988) reports that reactive dyes have been found not to adsorb to
s l u d g e in model systems. Any dye that binds to the sludge during the waste treatment
process would be disposed of through incineration or landfill. Incineration is the preferred
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option because of the high water solubility and potential mobility of the material.
Incineration of the dye will produce oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur, together with
sodium salts in the ash and a small amount of hydrogen chloride. Disposal by landfill will be
at a secured site, so the risk of leaching to the water table is significantly reduced.
The dye was found to be not readily biodegradable (measured as dissolved organic carbon
(DOC) and expressed as percentage elimination, biodegradation ranged from 1-11% over the
28-day exposure to micro-organisms from a domestic sewage treatment plant). The dye's
inherent biodegradability was a mean of 8% after 28 days according to the test procedure that
followed OECD 302B guidelines (Zahn-Wellens/ EMPA Test).
Although the dye is not readily biodegradable, the potential for bioaccumulation is low due to
the low partition coefficient (log POW < -10.0) and very high water solubility of the
substance. Hydrophilic dyes with log POW < 3 have been shown not to bioaccumulate (Yen
et al, 1991). Also, biological membranes are not permeable to chemicals of very large
molecular size so bioaccumulation of the notified polymer is not expected (Gobas et al, 1986;
Auliker et al, 1988).
Residues that persist after sewage treatment will enter marine or freshwater environments in
solution (from city and country waste water treatment systems, respectively). A possible
route of entry of the dye to the sediment is by the precipitation of its calcium salts, as several
calcium salts of sulfonic dyes are known to be insoluble at modest concentrations (Weber,
1991). Degradation of such dyes in sediment water systems proceeded with a half-life of 2-
16 days. Accordingly, no significant increase in dissolved concentrations over time is
predicted, while residues bound to sediment are expected to undergo reductive degradation.
9. EVALUATION OF TOXICOLOGICAL DATA
The notifier provided a summary of the notification statement to the European Union (EU)
(French language). This included a summary of toxicity information for the notified chemical.
Some of those studies were summarised in the Australian notification statement.
The acute oral and dermal LD50 found in rats were both > 2 000 mg/kg. There were no animal
deaths or organ effects in the treated animals in either tests. The notified chemical was not a
skin or eye irritant in rabbits. However, slight eye colouration was observed at the end of the
observation period (72 hours) in the eye irritation study. At test concentration of 25%, the
notified chemical was a sensitising agent in the Magnusson and Kligman maximisation test on
g u i n e a pigs. A 28 day repeat dose oral study was reported in the EU notification. The
NOEL was 50 mg/kg/day, based on kidney pigmentation (mid dose and high dose) and
stomach effects (high dose). In the Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli reverse
mutation assays, no mutagenic potential was observed for the notified chemical. The EU
notification contains a summary of the in vitro Chinese hamster V 79 assay. Genotoxic
responses were not observed, however, precipitation of the test substance was observed at
low concentrations (30 礸/mL). Therefore, the concentration of the chemical in the tests was
unknown.
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10. ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
The following ecotoxicity studies have been supplied by the notifier. The tests were
performed in compliance with OECD/EEC Test Methods and according to OECD Principles
of Good Laboratory Practices.
Ecotoxicity Test Results
Test Species Test Results (Nominal)
concentrations mg/L
(nominal) mg/L
96 h LC50 > 100a
Acute Toxicity (Static Test) Zebra fish 21, 45 & 100
96 h LC0 > 100b,c
(OECD TG 203) Brachydanio rerio
48 h EC50 > 100b,d
Acute Toxicity - Water Flea 21, 45 & 100
48 h NOEC > 100 b,d
Immobilisation (Static Test) (Daphnia magna)
(OECD TG 202)
E礐50 >100e
Growth Inhibition Green Algae 4.6, 10, 21,46 &
EbC50 = 371e
-Growth (? & Biomass (b) (Scenedesmus 100
LOEC = 21e
(Static Test) subspicatus)
(OECD TG 201)
Respiration Inhibition Activated Sludge - 3.2, 10, 32, 50 & 30 min IC50 > 100
(OECD TG 209) Aerobic Waste 100
Water Bacteria
a Limit test.
b Definitive study.
c The analytically determined test substance concentrations in the test media varied in the
range of 92% to 100% of the nominal value at the start of the test period.
d The analytically determined test substance concentrations in the test media varied in the
range of 89% to 95% of the nominal value at the start of the test period.
e The analytically determined concentrations in the test media varied in the range from
89% to 97% of the nominal values.
Fish
Toxicity tests, performed in accordance with the test guidelines, demonstrated that the
notified substance had no toxic effects on the test fish up to concentration of nominal
100 mg/L. The report notes that the test medium was coloured by the test substance.
Aquatic Invertebrates
The 24 h and 48 h LC50 and NOEC were determined to be >100 mg/L as no daphnids were
noted to be immobilised at the highest concentration tested. One daphnid in the 46 mg/L
treatment was observed to be immobile at the 48 hour observation. This appears to have
been an occurrence unrelated to the chemical concentration.
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A Daphnia sp. reproduction test was not supplied. However, based on the negligible acute
toxicity to both fish and daphnids, reproduction effects on daphnids are not expected.
Algae
A statistically significant inhibitory effect on the growth of algae occurred after 72 hours at
concentrations above 21 mg/L. As such, the 72 h NOEC was determined to be 21 mg/L. The
EC-values (indicated in the above table) were calculated for the algal biomass (b) and the
growth rate (?) after 72 hours. There was no observed difference in the shape of algal cells
when compared to those growing in the control medium. The notified chemical can be
considered as practically non toxic to algae.
Microorganisms
The inhibitory effect of the notified substance on aerobic waste water bacteria (activated
sludge from a domestic waste water treatment plant) was investigated in a respiration test.
The notified substance showed practically no toxic effects. The respiration rate was not
inhibited by test concentrations over an exposure period of 30 minutes, and the final 3 hour
IC50 was greater than 100 mg/L.
Conclusion
The ecotoxicity data for the notified substance indicates that it is practically non-toxic to fish,
aquatic invertebrates, algae and microorganisms. Reproductive effects on aquatic
invertebrates are not expected.
11. ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD
The environmental hazard from the dye, when fixed to the cellulose fibre, is rated as
negligible.
The notifier has specified that a limited number of dyehouses (approx. 6) in city and possibly
country areas will be using the notified dye. The environmental hazard has been determined
for two dyehouses located in two general locations, one metropolitan based dyehouse and the
other country based. The Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC) is estimated below.
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Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC)
Calculation Factor Country Dyehouse City Dyehouse
high use
Typical use of product expected per day 60 kg 30 kg
(700 kg cloth)
Amount of notified chemical (at 73%) 43.8 kg 21.9 kg
Concentration in wastewater (fixation rate 11 kg 5.5 kg
75%)
Quantity of water used incl. wash-off 60 000 L/day 35 000 L/day
water
Effluent concentration in product-specific 183 mg/L 157 mg/L
wash-water
Dilution factor in dyehouse by other 1:70 1:100
wash-waters
Influent concentration 2.6 mg/L 1.57 mg/L
Dilution factor in sewage treatment plant1 1:10 1:100
Concentration balance in effluent from 0.26 mg/L 0.016 mg/L
sewage treatment plant
Dilution factor in receiving waters 1:2 (river) 1:10 (ocean)
1.6 礸/L (1.6 ppb)
PEC in receiving waters 0.13 mg/L (0.13 ppm)
Safety factor (EC50/PEC) for exposure to
most sensitive aquatic organism, Algae2 770 62 500
(72 h E礐50 > 100 mg/L)
1
The dilution at a rural town could reasonably be expected to be about 5-6 ML/day,
while for a major city, say Sydney, it would be between 150-500 ML/day.
2
The growth of Green algae was inhibited by 50% after 72 hr at a test concentration of
>100 mg/L.
These calculations assume that no dye is removed in treatment of the different waste effluents
and represent the worst case scenario for dyehouses. The "typical use of dye expected per
day" is an estimation of typical throughput for day batches, not a representation of yearly
use.
The calculations show that the exposure to fish, daphnia, algae and waste water treatment
bacteria is at levels unlikely to cause any significant effect. At higher release rates, there is
still unlikely to be any significant effect on these species. Once in the aquatic environment,
the chemical is expected to swiftly dilute to undetectable concentrations, and undergo biotic
and abiotic degradation. An adequate safety margin exists for use in country locations.
The only other source of environmental contamination is from accidental spills and disposal
of packaging. The information provided in the MSDS is adequate to enable workers to limit
the environmental exposure and therefore limit the environmental effects.
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12. ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
EFFECTS
The notifier provided summary data indicating that Reactive Yellow TZ 4165 had very low
acute oral toxicity (LD50>2 000 mg/kg) and low dermal toxicity (LD50>2 000 mg/kg) in rats.
Reactive Yellow TZ 4165 was not an eye or skin irritant in the rabbit, but was a sensitiser in
a guinea pig maximisation test. The notified chemical was not a mutagen in the Ames test or in
the in vitro Chinese hamster V79 assay. The NOEL for the notified chemical was determined
t o be 50 mg/kg/day in a 28 day oral repeat dose study in rats. The notified chemical is
determined to be a hazardous substance based on the its skin sensitising effects according to
the NOHSC Approved Criteria for Classifying Hazardous Substances (National Occupational
Health and Safety Commission, 1994a). It will warrant the risk phrase R43 (May cause
sensitisation by skin contact), with a cut off concentration of 1%.
A large proportion (45%) of the particles in the notified chemical is within the respirable
range. However, the chemical will be imported in granular form and, although the particle size
distribution of the product was not provided, it is expected that the respirable portion will be
small. In addition, the imported product will contain an anti-dusting additive.
Transport and storage
The health risk for transport workers and storemen is expected to be negligible unless the
package is breached.
Repacking
Exposure to the notified chemical during repacking is estimated to be infrequent and of short
duration. It is essential that the exposure control measures identified by the notifier are in
place, namely exhaust ventilation, plus the wearing of personal protective equipment, because
the chemical is a skin sensitiser.
End use
The notified chemical is a skin sensitiser and exposure to small amounts may be harmful, so it
is very important that a high level of exposure control is implemented.
The weighing operators have potentially the highest exposure to the notified chemical. Local
exhaust ventilation is provided in the dispensary and blending vessel areas, and as the
operators wear respirator, overalls and gloves to minimise exposure, the risk of adverse
systemic health effects during this operation is likely to be low.
Based on data reported to be from a US air monitoring study, the notifier estimated that the
average daily exposure of a worker during weighing would be 0.0275 mg/kg/day. Based on the
NOEL of 50 mg/kg/day from a 28-day oral repeat dose study in rats, a margin of exposure
( M O E ) for this estimate is 1818, which indicates that the risk of adverse health effects
resulting from inhalation exposure is of low concern. However, this conclusion is qualified
because the estimation of exposure excludes any contamination via the dermal route. In
addition, the study methodology or parameters/assumptions used in calculating exposure
were not provided.
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Operators in charge of padding and fixing processes will have low exposure to the unfixed
notified chemical as these stages are enclosed. Workers in charge of wash off and drying
processes may need to handle waste chemical as well as the cloth containing the chemical
bound to the cellulose cloth fibres. Workers involved in handling the dried cloth will wear
protective gloves. If these conditions are maintained, exposure and subsequent health risk to
these workers will be low.
As the notified chemical is a skin sensitiser, workers who maintain the dye solutions or
handle the wash-off solutions should wear overalls, goggles and gloves. Any workers who
have become sensitised to the notified chemical should not continue to work with it.
Public Health
Minimal public exposure to the notified chemical is expected through the distribution,
a p p l i c a t i o n or disposal of the dyestuff. In the event of an accident or spill the notified
chemical will be cleaned up and disposed of as outlined in the MSDS.
Extensive public exposure to the notified chemical is expected through contact with dyed
fabrics, however the chemical forms a bond with cellulose fibres of fabrics and little is
removed by washing or drying processes. In addition, the high molecular weight and low
octanol/water partition coefficient are indicative of poor absorption across the skin, therefore
the notified chemical is expected to be poorly bioavailable. The primary hazard to exposed
persons will be skin sensitisation, however as the notified chemical is covalently bonded to
fabric, the risk of sensitisation is considered to be low.
Therefore based on the use pattern and physico-chemical characteristics of the notified
chemical, it is considered that Reactive Yellow TZ 4165 will not pose a significant hazard to
public health.
13. RECOMMENDATIONS
To minimise occupational exposure to the notified chemical in Reactive Yellow TZ 4165, the
following guidelines and precautions should be observed:
Respirator should be selected and fitted in accordance with Australian/New Zealand
?br>
Standard (AS/NZS) 1715 (Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand, 1994a);
Industrial clothing should conform to the specifications detailed in AS 2919
?br>
(Standards Australia, 1987) and AS 3765.1 (Standards Australia, 1990);
Impermeable gloves should conform to AS/NZS 2161.2 (Standards
?br>
Australia/Standards New Zealand, 1998);
All occupational footwear should conform to AS/NZS 2210 (Standards
?br>
Australia/Standards New Zealand, 1994b);
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Spillage of the notified chemical should be avoided. Spillages should be cleaned up
?br>
promptly with absorbents which should then be put into containers for disposal;
Good personal hygiene should be practised to minimise the potential for ingestion;
?br>
A copy of the MSDS should be easily accessible to employees.
?br>
Workers who become sensitised to the notified chemical should not continue to handle
?br>
it in the workplace.
14. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
The MSDS for the notified chemical was provided in a format consistent with the National
Code of Practice for the Preparation of Material Safety Data Sheets (National Occupational
Health and Safety Commission, 1994b).
T h i s MSDS was provided by the applicant as part of the notification statement. It is
reproduced here as a matter of public record. The accuracy of this information remains the
responsibility of the applicant.
15. REQUIREMENTS FOR SECONDARY NOTIFICATION
Under the Act, secondary notification of the notified chemical shall be required if any of the
circumstances stipulated under subsection 64(2) of the Act arise. No other specific
conditions are prescribed.
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16. REFERENCES
Anliker R, Moser P & Poppinger D (1988). "Bioaccumulation of dyestuffs and organic
pigments in fish. Relationships to hydrophobicity and steric factors". Chemosphere 17(8):
1631-1644.
European Economic Community (EEC), EEC Directive 92/69, Annex V, Part A, Methods for
the determination of physico-chemical properties, A.5 "Surface Tension" EEC Publication
No. L383. December 1992.
Gobas FAPC, Opperhuizen A & Hutzinger O (1986). "Bioconcentration of hydrophobic
chemicals in fish: relationship with membrane permeation". Environmental Toxicology and
Chemistry 5: 637-646.
Hobbs, SJ (1988). "Industry Category Document: UK dye production and use in the textile
industry". Department of the Environment (UK).
National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (1994a) Approved Criteria for
Classifying Hazardous Substances [NOHSC:1008(1994)]. Canberra, Australian Government
Publishing Service.
National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (1994b) National Code of Practice for
the Preparation of Material Safety Data Sheets [NOHSC:2011(1994)]. Canberra, Australian
Government Publishing Service.
Standards Australia (1987) Australian Standard 2919-1987, Industrial Clothing. Sydney,
Standards Association of Australia.
Standards Australia (1990) Australian Standard 3765.1-1990, Clothing for Protection against
Hazardous Chemicals Part 1 Protection against General or Specific Chemicals. Sydney,
Standards Association of Australia.
Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand (1994a) Australian/New Zealand Standard 1715-
1994, Selection, Use and Maintenance of Respiratory Protective Devices. Sydney/Wellington,
Standards Association of Australia/Standards Association of New Zealand.
Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand (1994b) Australian/New Zealand Standard 2210-
1994, Occupational Protective Footwear. Sydney/Wellington, Standards Association of
Australia/Standards Association of New Zealand.
Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand (1998) AS/NZS 2161.2:1998 Occupational
protective gloves, Part 2: General requirements, Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand.
Weber, EJ (1991). "Studies of benzidine-based dyes in sediment-water systems".
Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry 10: 609-618.
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Yen, CP, Perenich, TA, & Baughman, GL (1991). "Fate of Commercial Disperse Dyes in
Sediments". Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 10: 1009-1017.
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